본 연구는 조선시대 학교에서 기록된 善惡籍이 무엇이고, 어떤 이유로 사용되었으며, 어떻게 활용되었는지 조사·분석하였다. 학교에서 선악적이 어떻게 활용되었는지 살펴보면, 1437년『학관개정안』에서 전국 각 학교에 善罰簿를 두고 활용하였다. 1582년『학교모범』 에서 학교의 善籍에 기록되기 위해서는 도덕적 모범이 되어야 할 뿐만 아니라 학문성취가 뛰어나야 했었다. 惡籍을 기록하는 것은 惡籍者를 고발하기 보다는 죄를 뉘우치고 개과천선시키기 위함이었다. 심지어 제적당한 경우에도 재입학의 기회를 주었다. 과거응시생을 선발할 때 선악적을 참고하여 행동에 오점이 없는 자를 천거하였다. 1731년 『치양적법』에서 선악적 기록을 참고로 하여 營學에 입학할 학생을 천거하였으며, 선악적에 기록된 학생을 각 단위 학교에서 관에 보고하였다. 18세기『덕곡서재월삭강회약』에서 ‘月朝約會儀’를 통해 학교의 공식행사에서 선악적을 활용하였다. 1881년『의학재규약』 에서 악적이 2권으로 세분화되어 관리되었다. 1899년 자암서당에서 학생들의 선행과 악행을 매우 상세하게 기록하였고 선악적의 기록이 학생대표선발에 활용되었다. 조선시대에 학교에서 선악적을 기록·활용함으로써 학습자에게 필요한 도덕성을 기를 수 있도록 하였다.
This study has made investigation and analysis for these three items below: 1. What was Seonakjeok? 2. How was Seonakjeok used by school? 3. How was Seonakjeok enacted by school rules? Seonakjeok was used by school in Choseon Dynasty, it was spread in school across the country following by Hakgwan(學館) Amendments in 1437. Not only a kind manner but also a excellent grade was written as Seonakjeok following by school rules(學校模範) in 1582. Seonakjeok system recorded student"s‘attendance, grade, moral behavior" following by Chiyangjeokbeop(置兩籍法) in 1731. Seonakjeok was used by school events and was reported to education office. Seonakjeok was divided by three following by Uihakjae"s(義學齋) rules in 1881. Seonakjeok was used by a student representative selection at Jaam school in 1889. Choseon Dynasty"s school recorded and utilized Seonakjeok for student"s moral development. Seonakjeok was used by Administrative Selection System. In 1582, the man was written as a bad behavior on Seonakjeok was prohibit by law from enrolling Administrative Selection(科擧). Principal, head teacher, class president consulted Seonakjeok"s data and took counsel together. Then, the man was written as a moral hazard on Seonakjeok couldn"t enroll Administrative Test by law. During the last 500 years in Choseon Dynasty, community and school recorded Seonakjeok, utilized Seonakjeok for Administrative Selection System. A voluntary agreement of Choseon people is why Seonakjeok system keep going during 500 years in Choseon Dynasty. Seonakjeok recoding procedures and moral law of Seonakjeok and utilizing Seonakjeok for several events and verifying Seonakjeok for Administrative Selection and all about Seonakjeok were made by Choseon people. Those facts tell us how Seonakjeok is deeply rooted in our society.