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지원사업
학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
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초록· 키워드
오류제보하기
During the past 20 years two great tidal waves of change have swept across the world. One is the shift from authoritarian political systems military governments, personal dictatorships, communist regimes - to democratic political systems. This democratization wave began in 1974 in southern Europe - Portugal, Greece, Spain - and then moved on to Latin America in the later 1970s and early 1980s, with shifts to democracy occurring in Ecuador, Peru, Argentina, Chile, and other Latin American countries beginning to move in a democratic direction.
Meanwhile, however, the democratization wave swept on to Asia, with transitions away from authoritarian rule occurring in the Philippines, Korea, Taiwan, Pakistan and Bangladesh. In 1989, of course, the communist regimes in eastern Europe collapsed and were generally replaced by democratic systems, and now similar changes are occurring in some if not all of the former Soviet republics.
South Africa has held a post-apartheid election and the parties are negotiating a final constitution. In three or four African countries elections have been held for the first time in years and long-term dictators have been voted out of office. In the middle East, Turkey made its latest shift to democracy in the early 1980s and some movement in a democratic direction has occurred in Jordan and Algeria. Overall since 1974 more than 40 countries have made the transition to democracy and many others have moved towards more open politics even if they have stopped short of true popularly elected governments. Democratization clearly has been a global phenomenon.
The demise of apartheid in South Africa, brought on by increasing domestic economic costs, growing internal unrest and its political, social and economic costs, and an increasingly hostile international environment finally added up in an equation where the ruling National Party, which invented and erected apartheid in 1948, became in ,1991 the authority that turned its back on the very political institutions it worked so hard to build.
The three crucial interactions in democratization processes were those between government and opposition, between reformers and standpatters in the governing coalition, and between moderates and extremists in the opposition. In all transition these three central interactions played some role. The relative importance and the conflictual or cooperative character of these interactions, however, varied with the overall nature of the transition process.
Meanwhile, however, the democratization wave swept on to Asia, with transitions away from authoritarian rule occurring in the Philippines, Korea, Taiwan, Pakistan and Bangladesh. In 1989, of course, the communist regimes in eastern Europe collapsed and were generally replaced by democratic systems, and now similar changes are occurring in some if not all of the former Soviet republics.
South Africa has held a post-apartheid election and the parties are negotiating a final constitution. In three or four African countries elections have been held for the first time in years and long-term dictators have been voted out of office. In the middle East, Turkey made its latest shift to democracy in the early 1980s and some movement in a democratic direction has occurred in Jordan and Algeria. Overall since 1974 more than 40 countries have made the transition to democracy and many others have moved towards more open politics even if they have stopped short of true popularly elected governments. Democratization clearly has been a global phenomenon.
The demise of apartheid in South Africa, brought on by increasing domestic economic costs, growing internal unrest and its political, social and economic costs, and an increasingly hostile international environment finally added up in an equation where the ruling National Party, which invented and erected apartheid in 1948, became in ,1991 the authority that turned its back on the very political institutions it worked so hard to build.
The three crucial interactions in democratization processes were those between government and opposition, between reformers and standpatters in the governing coalition, and between moderates and extremists in the opposition. In all transition these three central interactions played some role. The relative importance and the conflictual or cooperative character of these interactions, however, varied with the overall nature of the transition process.
목차
1. 서론
2. 민주화에 대한 이론적 접근
3. 남아공 민주화에 대한 기존연구
4. 남아공의 타협에 의한 민주화를 강제한 요인들
5. 나가는 글
〈참고 문헌〉
Abstract
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2010-309-002224327