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Xu Guang-ping, the chairman of the students association at Beijing National Women's Normal College(國立北京女子師範大學) was one of the most active students in expelling the principal of that college. She was grown up as a so-called 'New Woman' on account of her favorable environment. That is to say she was one of the few, highly educated women and during her student period she went through the May Fourth Movement. But she is well known not because of her own career as a 'New Woman' but because of her relationship with the great modem Chinese writer Lu Xun(魯迅). In other words she is mostly known as the second wife of Lu Xun.
In this article I will survey the life and thoughts of Xu Guang-ping as a case study of the so-called 'New Woman'. My conclusions are as follows:
First of all, she could be educated together with her brothers due to her relatively enlightened mother in her early days. But even though her parents sent her to the private academy, they wanted her to be a good wife after she became a bit literate. Moreover her mother forced her foot-binding and her father made a verbal promise that he would send his newly born daughter Guang-ping to his friend as a daughter-in-law in future. In spite of her parents' wishes Xu Guang-ping denied foot-binding and also cancelled her engagement as soon as her father died.
Secondly, she showed a marked individuality from her childhood; she was highly sensitive at the inequality between male and female sexes and was a girl of great self-respect. After she broke her engagement she wanted to enter a school of higher degree. At that time when a girl wanted to earn her own living it was convenient for her to enter the women's normal school because a woman could get a job by teaching in the primary school. So Xu Guang-ping entered Tienjin Women's Normal School(直隸第一女子師範學校) and there she went through the 5ㆍ4 Movement. She not only vigorously read books and journals that appeared as the results of the 5ㆍ4 New Cultural Movement but also engaged in the 5ㆍ4 Patriotic Movement. After she graduated at the Normal School she entered the Beijing National Women's College then the highest institution of women's learning. There she became a student activist and successfully expelled the conservative female principal of the college.
Thirdly, in the process of expelling the principal from the college she obtained absolute support of Lu Xun, then the lecturer of the college. In the meantime both of them loved each other and they escaped from Beijing on the eve of the Fengtian army's capture of Beijing. Their running away from Beijing also meant that they escaped from the first, illeterate wife of Lu Xun. At first Lu Xun went to Amoy and Xu Guang-ping to Guangzhou in search of their respective jobs. Xu Guang-ping gained her first and last job as a teacher. But she couldn't maintain that job any longer because of the unstable and poor salary and troubles with the student activists. About the time when she thought of changing her job, Lu Xun came to Guangzhou to be a professor and she became his teaching assistant. Thereafter she became the 'shade' of Lu Xun.
Fourthly, the two lovers settled finally in Shanghai. They lived together and he started as a writer again. He didn't want to teach any longer and all day long at home he wrote many kinds of works while she became a housewife, mother, secretary and writing assistant etc. Though she wanted to find a job and do somewhat useful works for the society he never let her do her own independent work. He always wanted her to remain as his assistant.
Lastly, Xu Guang-ping didn't objected to him, but she regretted a lot after his death. The articles she wrote about woman during the 1940s expressed her regret so vividly that we could easily become aware of it. As a matter of fact Lu Xun was not the only reason that Xu Guang-ping, the highly educated 'New Woman' abandoned her independent life having her own job. There were also other reasons such as relatively narrow opportunities for women to find a good job etc.
But if we think about the externally dangerous and internally chaotic situation China faced at that time (from 1920s to 1930s when the two person have had the most intimate relationships) and if we think of a young woman of patriotism such as Xu Guang-ping, it is somewhat natural that she might console herself that it would be a much greater contribution to her own country to help his husband Lu Xun instead of her seeking for her independent life. The national crisis which the so-called 'New Woman' of the Republican China faced was the reason why Xu Guang-ping gave up her independence. And I named her abandonment as the Iimist of 'New Woman'
In this article I will survey the life and thoughts of Xu Guang-ping as a case study of the so-called 'New Woman'. My conclusions are as follows:
First of all, she could be educated together with her brothers due to her relatively enlightened mother in her early days. But even though her parents sent her to the private academy, they wanted her to be a good wife after she became a bit literate. Moreover her mother forced her foot-binding and her father made a verbal promise that he would send his newly born daughter Guang-ping to his friend as a daughter-in-law in future. In spite of her parents' wishes Xu Guang-ping denied foot-binding and also cancelled her engagement as soon as her father died.
Secondly, she showed a marked individuality from her childhood; she was highly sensitive at the inequality between male and female sexes and was a girl of great self-respect. After she broke her engagement she wanted to enter a school of higher degree. At that time when a girl wanted to earn her own living it was convenient for her to enter the women's normal school because a woman could get a job by teaching in the primary school. So Xu Guang-ping entered Tienjin Women's Normal School(直隸第一女子師範學校) and there she went through the 5ㆍ4 Movement. She not only vigorously read books and journals that appeared as the results of the 5ㆍ4 New Cultural Movement but also engaged in the 5ㆍ4 Patriotic Movement. After she graduated at the Normal School she entered the Beijing National Women's College then the highest institution of women's learning. There she became a student activist and successfully expelled the conservative female principal of the college.
Thirdly, in the process of expelling the principal from the college she obtained absolute support of Lu Xun, then the lecturer of the college. In the meantime both of them loved each other and they escaped from Beijing on the eve of the Fengtian army's capture of Beijing. Their running away from Beijing also meant that they escaped from the first, illeterate wife of Lu Xun. At first Lu Xun went to Amoy and Xu Guang-ping to Guangzhou in search of their respective jobs. Xu Guang-ping gained her first and last job as a teacher. But she couldn't maintain that job any longer because of the unstable and poor salary and troubles with the student activists. About the time when she thought of changing her job, Lu Xun came to Guangzhou to be a professor and she became his teaching assistant. Thereafter she became the 'shade' of Lu Xun.
Fourthly, the two lovers settled finally in Shanghai. They lived together and he started as a writer again. He didn't want to teach any longer and all day long at home he wrote many kinds of works while she became a housewife, mother, secretary and writing assistant etc. Though she wanted to find a job and do somewhat useful works for the society he never let her do her own independent work. He always wanted her to remain as his assistant.
Lastly, Xu Guang-ping didn't objected to him, but she regretted a lot after his death. The articles she wrote about woman during the 1940s expressed her regret so vividly that we could easily become aware of it. As a matter of fact Lu Xun was not the only reason that Xu Guang-ping, the highly educated 'New Woman' abandoned her independent life having her own job. There were also other reasons such as relatively narrow opportunities for women to find a good job etc.
But if we think about the externally dangerous and internally chaotic situation China faced at that time (from 1920s to 1930s when the two person have had the most intimate relationships) and if we think of a young woman of patriotism such as Xu Guang-ping, it is somewhat natural that she might console herself that it would be a much greater contribution to her own country to help his husband Lu Xun instead of her seeking for her independent life. The national crisis which the so-called 'New Woman' of the Republican China faced was the reason why Xu Guang-ping gave up her independence. And I named her abandonment as the Iimist of 'New Woman'
목차
머리말: 왜 許廣平인가?
Ⅰ. 유소년기에서 청년기로: 자의식의 성장, 5ㆍ4운동과 初戀
Ⅱ. 북경여자사범대학 시절: 교장배척운동과 노신과의 교류
Ⅲ. 민국시기 ‘신여성’의 삶: 노신과의 동거 전후와 救國의 문제
餘言
【Abstract】
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