이 논문에서는 ILO와 영ㆍ미 및 독일ㆍ일본의 공공부문 근로자에 대한 공익사업의 범위, 쟁의행위권의 인정 여부, 노동쟁의 조정절차, 대체노동의 허용성를 살펴보았다. ILO나 미국, 독일, 일본 등 선진국의 경우, 공익사업에 대한 일부 특칙을 부여하고 있긴 하나, 그 대상은 매우 제한적이며 쟁의행위권을 전면적으로 부인 또는 직접적으로 제한하는 경우는 찾아보기 어려우며 제한방식으로는 기능적 쟁의행위 제한방식을 취하는 경우가 대부분이며 외국의 경우 직권중재보다는 긴급 조정제도를 활용하는 경우가 많고, 직권중재를 인정한다해도 또한 그 대상에 석유정제, 석유공급을 포함한 나라는 찾아보기 어렵다. 공익사업에 대해서는 긴급조정권 ,발동에 의한 강제중재가 가능하므로 별도의 직권중재제도를 폐지하는 것이 바람직하다. 그러나 이 경우 긴급조정의 요건을 강화할 필요가 있다. 즉, 미국과 마찬가지로 대통령이 중노위와 협의하여 긴급조정권 발동 여부를 결정하는 것이 공익사업쟁의의 정치적 성격상 바람직하다. 이 때 긴급조치의 일반법리에 따라 국회의 추인을 받도록 하는 것도 국민적 정당성 확보를 위해 좋을 것이다. 또한 위에서 말한 공익사업의 범위축소와 함께 ‘국민경제에의 중대한 위협’을 엄격하게 해석하여 긴급조정권을 마구 잡이로 발동하지 않도록 해야 한다. 마지막으로 필수, 비필수를 막론하고 공익사업에서의 쟁의움직임이 가시화될 경우 긴급조정권을 발동하기 전에 대통령 직속으로 사실 조사위원회를 구성하여 노사간 이익분쟁의 쟁점에 관해 엄정한 조사를 시키고 그 결과를 공표하도록 하여 가급적 공정한 여론의 압력을 배경으로 한 자율적 타결의 기회를 부여함이 좋겠다. 이 논문에서는 우리의 실정과 비교하여 각국의 입법례를 검토하고 우리 법제의 개선방안을 제시하였다.
Korea Constitution contains a number of provisions which can be said expressly to protect fundamental human rights, but they are very limited in scope. In addition, the Korean Court has evinced a preparedness to read some measure of protection of fundamental human rights into the Constitution in certain areas. This technique is inevitably controversial in political terms, and is necessarily limited in scope and effect. It could not realistically be expected to provide adequate protection for a comprehensive range of fundamental human rights such as those enshrined in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. In many instances, the content of these legislative provisions has been strongly influenced by international standard-setting instruments such as the ICCPR and the ICESCR. Indeed, in the case of certain korean labour provisions in this area, the constitutionality of the legislation turns wholly or partly upon the fact that it is intended to give effect to korea's international obligations in the field of human rights. Conventions and recommendations adopted under the auspices of the ILO have been an important source of such obligations: for example, the Discrimination(Employment and Occupation) Convention 1958 (No 111) provides part of the constitutional underpinning for the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 ), for the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986 , and for certain aspects of the Workplace Relations Act 1996. ILO standards have also played an important, albeit little recognised, role in protecting fundamental human rights in korea in a number of other contexts. In particular, governments appear frequently to use Korea's obligations under ratified conventions concerning discrimination, freedom of association and the abolition of forced labour as a reference point in the development and implementation of legislative policy. The activities of the ILO's supervisory bodies have also played a significant role in protecting and promoting respect for fundamental human rights. The purpose of this paper is to look more closely at the role of ILO standards as a means of promoting and protecting fundamental human rights in Korea. It does this by first looking in general terms at the role of the ILO field of human rights. It then outlines the U.K, U.S.A., Japan core conventions in relation to the abolition of forced labour, freedom of association, discrimination and the abolition of essential services abour. It goes on to describe the processes by which all of these instruments, apart from the intervention of dispute resolution in essential services have been ratified by Korea, and the practical application of the obligations incurred by ratification. It also discusses the jurisprudence of the Governing Body's Committee on Freedom of Association as it has been applied in relation to U.K, U.S.A., Japan, Korean law and practice over the years. A concluding section considers the overall impact of ILO standards in relation to the protection of fundamental human rights in the intervention of dispute resolution in essential services, and offers some thoughts as to whether and how they might perform this function in the future.