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지원사업
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커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록· 키워드
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Pikemen is a special infantry army organized when cavalry is absolutely numerically inferior. It is confirmed by Han, Tang and Sung of China, and Rome in the West, and it is also seen in infantry armies of England, Scotland, Flanders and Switzerlarid. J. F. Verburggen, renowned Belgian historian of warfare, stated that pike was a basic weapon for infantry to use in battles against cavalry. He stated that pike was long and heavy and its point was thick, which was appropriate for planting its end in the ground. When heavy horses rushed toward infantry soldiers, pikes, unless being planted in the ground, would have been pushed out by the rushing forces of horses, which would have fatally injured infantry soldiers. Consequently, two soldiers were required to hold one pike, with one planting its end in the ground and the other holding it at a certain angle. Pike infantry arrangement was taken at the confluence of rivers and against the rivers, or crown-shaped circular formation was taken in the plains without any obstacles. It was to avoid attacks from the flank and the back. Pikes aimed at horses' hearts or necks, not soldiers on the horses. In other words, the main purpose of pikes was to drop soldiers off the leading horses and stop the movement of the whole cavalry army. The stopped cavalry army was nothing but a disable thing without mobility. The cavalry army would be so congested like a traffic jam that they could not use weapons at their disposals, and consequently, they would be fatal when attacked by pike infantry.
As for pike infantry army in the West during the Middle Ages, they were against heavily-armored horsemen, that is, knights. Those who used pikes against cavalry were farmer communities or guild communities who wanted to become independent from knights' bindings. Because they were poor, they could not possess cavalry. In order to protect their gained economic basis and certain freedom, they organized infantry army armed with pikes, which were available at a low cost, and fought against the knights.
In fact China had been continuously attacked by the cavalry of a northern nomadic people. Compared to the nomadic people, the Chinese people had a weak cavalry. It may be natural that strategies against cavalry appeared in military classics, for China made a constant effort to develop war strategies against cavalry. As seen here, the biggest problem at that time, particularly distress to survive, is contained in the strategic book.
The Chinese people's cavalry, when attacked, were always outnumbered by the nomadic people's. After the unification of China, the efforts to defend Hun people were continued. For example, The First Emperor (秦始皇) built the Great Wall of China. It was a giant construction work required for tremendous sacrifices, rather than a development of a war strategy. Such sacrifices indicate that for the established chinese people, defense against the northern nomadic people was such a severe problem that they willingly sacrificed their lives.
A distinguished historian Karl A. Wittfogel stated that in the age of Han, the strategy for suppressing cavalry was highly effective, and in the age of Han, a substantial strategy for subduing cavalry was developed. This developed strategy was to use infantry supported by cavalry and tanks, and mainly armed with pikes and crossbows. This strategy that cavalry and tanks and pikemen were organically harmonized enabled the Chinese people to fully control Hun's archery cavalry. Compared to the nomadic people, the settled Chinese people's cavalry were always inferior in number and technology. Under such circumstances, the Chinese people, instead of trying to defend the nomadic people's cavalry with cavalry, depended on strategies of exercising military operations of infantry and cavalry being organically organized. In such a context, we can understand that Tang, whose cavalry was numerically inferior, developed an organically-mixed strategy of cavalry and pikemen and was able to be superior in the battle against the nomadic cavalry.
As for pike infantry army in the West during the Middle Ages, they were against heavily-armored horsemen, that is, knights. Those who used pikes against cavalry were farmer communities or guild communities who wanted to become independent from knights' bindings. Because they were poor, they could not possess cavalry. In order to protect their gained economic basis and certain freedom, they organized infantry army armed with pikes, which were available at a low cost, and fought against the knights.
In fact China had been continuously attacked by the cavalry of a northern nomadic people. Compared to the nomadic people, the Chinese people had a weak cavalry. It may be natural that strategies against cavalry appeared in military classics, for China made a constant effort to develop war strategies against cavalry. As seen here, the biggest problem at that time, particularly distress to survive, is contained in the strategic book.
The Chinese people's cavalry, when attacked, were always outnumbered by the nomadic people's. After the unification of China, the efforts to defend Hun people were continued. For example, The First Emperor (秦始皇) built the Great Wall of China. It was a giant construction work required for tremendous sacrifices, rather than a development of a war strategy. Such sacrifices indicate that for the established chinese people, defense against the northern nomadic people was such a severe problem that they willingly sacrificed their lives.
A distinguished historian Karl A. Wittfogel stated that in the age of Han, the strategy for suppressing cavalry was highly effective, and in the age of Han, a substantial strategy for subduing cavalry was developed. This developed strategy was to use infantry supported by cavalry and tanks, and mainly armed with pikes and crossbows. This strategy that cavalry and tanks and pikemen were organically harmonized enabled the Chinese people to fully control Hun's archery cavalry. Compared to the nomadic people, the settled Chinese people's cavalry were always inferior in number and technology. Under such circumstances, the Chinese people, instead of trying to defend the nomadic people's cavalry with cavalry, depended on strategies of exercising military operations of infantry and cavalry being organically organized. In such a context, we can understand that Tang, whose cavalry was numerically inferior, developed an organically-mixed strategy of cavalry and pikemen and was able to be superior in the battle against the nomadic cavalry.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 對서돌궐 전투기록에 대한 검토
Ⅲ. 蘇定方의 圓陣과 李陵의 圓陣-??外向의 意味
Ⅳ. 長槍步兵과 騎兵의 共助戰術
Ⅴ. 맺음말
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