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As one of the first writers to deal with the unconscious realm of human psyche, Poe explores a variety of aberrant psychological states such as macabre obsessions, uncanny hallucinations, and symptomatic phobias. The theme of double is also one of recurrent subjects in Poe's oeuvre, and is given its most formal expression in "William Wilson." With this work, Poe contributed what has become a crucial text in the tradition of doppelganger literature. In the story, the first person narrator named William Wilson meets a strange boy who is his manifest double at Dr. Bransby's academy. They have the same name, the same birthday, the same height, the same features, similar voices, and equal strengths. Wherever William Wilson goes, he is pursued by the second Wilson. At Dr. Bransby's school, Eton, Oxford, throughout Europe, and finally in Rome, the second Wilson always appears at every critical moment to thwart and expose the first Wilson's increasingly evil deeds. Like many other Poe's protagonists who vainly struggle to seek an answer, William Wilson is repeatedly impelled to ask himself about his namesake: "Who and what was this Wilson?--and whence came he?--and what were his purposes?" Yet Wilson is unable to answer these questions to his satisfaction.
In recent decades, Poe's previously neglected work "William Wilson" has received a great deal of critical attention for its psychological profundity. Much of the scholarship published about the story has inevitably focused on the question of the identity of the second Wilson, and most literary critics have identified the second Wilson with the first Wilson's avenging moral conscience. But the second Wilson appears to be more than a Freudian guilt-producing faculty. In this paper, I contend that the perplexing, sado-masochistic relationship between the two Wilsons can be better understood through Lacanian psychoanalytic terms, rather than through the traditional superego or moral conscience readings. Although Lacanian psychoanalysis cannot provide a single, comprehensive explanation for all the aspects of Poe's short story, it can nevertheless be used in deciphering its certain puzzling elements. At the same time, Poe's literary text gives substance to some of Lacan's slippery and difficult notions, perfectly illustrating the complex mechanisms of the foreclosure and the destructive aggressivity inherent in every narcissistic mode of Imaginary identification. Indeed, Poe's "William Wilson" prefigures a wide variety of insights that emerge in psychoanalysis from Freud to Lacan.
In recent decades, Poe's previously neglected work "William Wilson" has received a great deal of critical attention for its psychological profundity. Much of the scholarship published about the story has inevitably focused on the question of the identity of the second Wilson, and most literary critics have identified the second Wilson with the first Wilson's avenging moral conscience. But the second Wilson appears to be more than a Freudian guilt-producing faculty. In this paper, I contend that the perplexing, sado-masochistic relationship between the two Wilsons can be better understood through Lacanian psychoanalytic terms, rather than through the traditional superego or moral conscience readings. Although Lacanian psychoanalysis cannot provide a single, comprehensive explanation for all the aspects of Poe's short story, it can nevertheless be used in deciphering its certain puzzling elements. At the same time, Poe's literary text gives substance to some of Lacan's slippery and difficult notions, perfectly illustrating the complex mechanisms of the foreclosure and the destructive aggressivity inherent in every narcissistic mode of Imaginary identification. Indeed, Poe's "William Wilson" prefigures a wide variety of insights that emerge in psychoanalysis from Freud to Lacan.
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