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In this paper I have dealt with transportation and shipping costs of land tax(liangsui:雨?) in Song Dynasty. Transport regulation of shanggonggrain(上供米) in Song Dynasty was established with the distance of transportation, required time of transportation and opening period of Bianhe(?河). And there was no difference between Northern Song and Southern Song when I compared with shipping costs by regulations of the government.
When I supposed the law of direct delivery(直達法) in the Northern Song Dynasty, shipping costs of shanggong grain in the southeast area compared with rice price was that it was about 80% of shanggong grain sent from Liangzhe(雨浙) province Hangzhou(杭州), and about 160% sent from Jiangdong(江東) province Xinzhou(信州). Of course if the transportation distance shorten like Huinan(淮南) province, it's costs were lower than this. However in case of indirect delivery(轉般), it is necessary to load and unload, it's costs were added that much.
On the other hand, transportation of Southern Song Dynasty was directly delivered basically. and the transportation distance was shortened compared with Northern Song Dynasty. More over in Southern Song Dynasty, shanggong grain was transported by merchant ships. As a result of this, labour cost and expenses of shipbuilding was more reduced.
From Tang to Qing Dynasty the capital city was located in north area, because of this the transportation of shanggong grain was needed much expenses. Although enormous expenses were needed like this, the background of execution was shortage of surplus grain in capital area. Therefore shanggong grain was transported for the stability of grain price in the capital city, as a result of this, the grain price of the capital city could be kept up the same level with the grain price of southeast area. Consequently these transportation expenses were estimated as a means for the stability of grain price of the capital city
Canals of Tang Dynasty were linked with banks. From Renjong(仁宗) dynasty of Northern Song floodgates were constructed from Yangzhou(揚州) passed by Huinan(淮南) canal to Sizhou(泗州) the entrance of Bianhe(?河). Because of these floodgates annoying works passing banks were quite abridged. Therefore in Song Dynasty, transportation expenses were lessened compared with Tang Dynasty. This is related with infrastructure of the government namely construction of floodgates. Hereby compared with transportation expenses of shanggong grain between Tang and Song comprehensively, we can verify the transportation revolution.
When I supposed the law of direct delivery(直達法) in the Northern Song Dynasty, shipping costs of shanggong grain in the southeast area compared with rice price was that it was about 80% of shanggong grain sent from Liangzhe(雨浙) province Hangzhou(杭州), and about 160% sent from Jiangdong(江東) province Xinzhou(信州). Of course if the transportation distance shorten like Huinan(淮南) province, it's costs were lower than this. However in case of indirect delivery(轉般), it is necessary to load and unload, it's costs were added that much.
On the other hand, transportation of Southern Song Dynasty was directly delivered basically. and the transportation distance was shortened compared with Northern Song Dynasty. More over in Southern Song Dynasty, shanggong grain was transported by merchant ships. As a result of this, labour cost and expenses of shipbuilding was more reduced.
From Tang to Qing Dynasty the capital city was located in north area, because of this the transportation of shanggong grain was needed much expenses. Although enormous expenses were needed like this, the background of execution was shortage of surplus grain in capital area. Therefore shanggong grain was transported for the stability of grain price in the capital city, as a result of this, the grain price of the capital city could be kept up the same level with the grain price of southeast area. Consequently these transportation expenses were estimated as a means for the stability of grain price of the capital city
Canals of Tang Dynasty were linked with banks. From Renjong(仁宗) dynasty of Northern Song floodgates were constructed from Yangzhou(揚州) passed by Huinan(淮南) canal to Sizhou(泗州) the entrance of Bianhe(?河). Because of these floodgates annoying works passing banks were quite abridged. Therefore in Song Dynasty, transportation expenses were lessened compared with Tang Dynasty. This is related with infrastructure of the government namely construction of floodgates. Hereby compared with transportation expenses of shanggong grain between Tang and Song comprehensively, we can verify the transportation revolution.
목차
Ⅰ. 序論
Ⅱ. 宋代 兩稅 上供米의 運送
Ⅲ. 宋代 兩稅 上供米의 運送費
Ⅳ. 結論
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