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Subject

A New Approach to Class Analysis in South Korea in the Age of Globalization
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세계화 시대의 한국 계급 연구를 위한 이론적 모색

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Journal
Korean Critical Sociological Association ECONOMY AND SOCIETY WN.76 KCI Excellent Accredited Journal
Published
2007.12
Pages
255 - 289 (37page)

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Topic
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A New Approach to Class Analysis in South Korea in the Age of Globalization
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Abstract· Keywords

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The purpose of this article is to develop a new analytical framework for the analysis of the emerging class structure in South Korea in the age of globalization. I first review the major trend of class theories in the West and advocate an integrated approach, looking at class both as a structure and as a process. In analyzing class as a structure, I propose to combine Bourdieu’s approach of defining class in terms of the ownership of three different forms of capital and the political economic framework of understanding the structural context and power relations in the distribution of these resources. Next, the focus of the article is on the ways globalization impacts the class structure and class process in South Korea. I argue that the most important class structural change in South Korea today is the fragmentation and recomposition of the class structure. By fragmentation I mean internal division that develops within the three major class categories that had been formed during the period of South Korea’s rapid industrialization. By recomposition I refer to the processes in which fragmented classes are becoming regrouped into the privileged and the disprivileged groups in the globalization process and the gaps between the two groups are becoming widened in the social and cultural dimensions. Globalization widens the arena and the opportunity structure of the ways class practices and class reproduction strategies are exercised and thus acts as a major mechanism of deepening class inequality. Finally, I discuss the issues of social polarization and the collapse of the middle class in Korea. Based on a critical review of the Korean literature on the issues, I argue that it would be too simplistic to argue that the Korean middle class has either collapsed or remains intact. My contention is that the Korean middle class has become transmuted by internal division, especially between the affluent upper middle class and the mainstream middle class, and by great vulnerability experienced by the downwardly mobile segments of the middle class. Consequently, I argue that the present Korean middle class is no longer able to function as a basis of social integration or a social contract that it used to perform during the past decades of economic development.

Contents

1. 머리말
2. 계급이론의 새로운 동향
3. 한국 사회 계급 분석의 이론적 틀
4. 세계화 시대 한국 계급 구조의 변화
5. 맺음말
참고문헌
Abstract

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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2009-305-016139350