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The purpose of this study is to investigate the type, culinary methods and table settings of the traditional daily food of Seoul through interviews with the descendants of the royal Chosun Dynasty family. The participants of these interviews, who were born and raised in so-called bukchon (the north side of Seoul in the Chosun Period), experienced the traditional foods of Seoul and still use them in their daily life now. The results obtained were compared with ancient literature as well as recent studies on food in Seoul.
The traditional daily food of Seoul are comprised of a main dish, consisting principally of cereals, and side dishes. The main substances in side dishes are vegetables and fish that are in season. Vegetables such as naeng’i, ssuk, hobak, gaji, shigumchi, kong’namul, a’ouk, baechu, mu, si’raegi, gun’dae etc. are used to make guk, namul, kimchi, kkakdugi, saeng’chae (lightly salted and seasoned raw vegetables), ssam (raw leaf vegetables), jang’azzi, sukjang’ azzi (stir-fried and seasoned vegetables), miljon’byung etc., while various fish such as jogi, domi, daegu, dong’tae, min’o, byung’o, jon’o, junchi, bok, ke are used to make guk, zzigae, jolim, jock’gal (salted and fermented sea fish), hoe (raw fish), jon and marun’banchan (dried fish). Among meat, besides lean flesh as well as various part of the intestines of cow such as yang, gop’ chang, gonja’soni, pork and chicken are used to make guk, gui and je’yuk. Although a few of them are not daily foods, various food is made with chicken, such as young’gyezzim (boiled whole young chicken with seasoning), young’gyebaeksuk, chokye’tang (broken pieces of boiled young chicken in cold and seasoned sesame milk) and dak’gui (seasoned and roasted sliced-chicken). In addition to these side dishes, muk and bok’kum are also popular. Culinary methods of major main dishes and side dishes were briefly mentioned in this paper.
Table settings of daily food include ban’sang which serve in the morning and evening everyday, jang’guksang and ju’ansang. The ban’sang table setting is based on one person and follows the some format according to the number of side dishes (chup). There is 3 chup, 5 chup, 7 chup and 9 chup ban’sang; and among them, 7 chup ban’sang was common among the Yangban Class.
Traditional daily food of Seoul includes some royal food such as ta’rakjuk (gruel with rice flour and milk), huk’imjajuk (gruel with rice and black sesame), suran (semi-boiled egg without shell), baesuk (pear cooled after boiling with whole pepper), tangpyung’chae (seasoned mung bean starch gel slices with vegetables), o’chae (slightly boiled and cooled sliced-fish covered with mung bean starch) and o’mandu (mandu made with sliced fish) etc .. The taste of traditional food of Seoul is neither sweet, salty nor hot. This was probably to preserve the original taste of food materials.