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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
19세기영어권문학회 19세기 영어권 문학 19세기 영어권 문학 제8권 1호
발행연도
2004.2
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5 - 31 (27page)

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Mill is one of the great Victorian sages, and a knowledge of Mill’s writing is essential to our understanding of Victorian literature and cultural history. Tolerance, openness, flexibility, and the value of change are all key notes of the Victorian mind. Paradoxically, rigidity and dogma are also characteristically Victorian. Mill’s famous essays on “Bentham” and “Coleridge” are intended to be a public exposition of Mill’s catholicity of mind. Mill’s modified utilitarianism is a convenient focus to study his broad-minded eclecticism, the most characteristic feature of his mind.
The mental crisis in 1826 transformed Mill personally and philosophically. Although he always adhered to basic Benthamite positions, his mental crisis sent him seeking for what he termed “many-sidedness” as opposed to Bentham and his father’s philosophic rigidity. Mill’s Autobiography and the essays on Bentham and on Coleridge disclose his modified philosophical outlook and the exact measure of his new mental independence.
Bentham and Coleridge are almost archetypal opposites―the progressive versus the conservative, the skeptic versus the believer, the empiricist versus the transcendentalist. They are each other’s “completing counterpart.” Because each holds half the truth, it is necessary for those who desire wholeness to bring together the two men’s visions. In these two impressive essays, Mill shows the way to achieving such a synthesis.
Very few writers had his openness of mind. Mill was prepared to change his own if others could convince him of its inadequacy, or when a new vision was revealed to him. “Coleridge” shows that Mill was crucially influenced by Coleridge’s eclecticism, on which he founded his belief in the assimilation of conflicting ‘half-truths’, the basis of his tolerant political ethos. It is the eclecticism which was the great solvent of Mill’s rigid Benthamism. Through eclecticism utilitarianism turned into the pliant liberalism of the nineteenth century.

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