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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
한국자동차공학회 International journal of automotive technology International journal of automotive technology Vol.6 No.4
발행연도
2005.8
수록면
333 - 340 (8page)

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초록· 키워드

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In order to better quantify the contribution from nonroad sources to emission inventories, it is important to understand not only the emissions rates of these engines but also activity patterns that can be used to accurately portray their in-use operation. To date, however, very little information is available on the actual activity patterns of nonroad equipment. In this study, a total of 18 pieces of nonroad equipment were instrumented with collected data including intake manifold air pressure (MAP), exhaust temperature and, on a subset of vehicles, engine rpm and throttle position. The equipment included backhoes, compactors, dozers, motor graders, loaders and scrappers used in applications such as landfilling, street maintenance and general roadwork. The activity patterns varied considerably depending on the type of equipment and the application. Daily equipment operating time ranged from less than 30 minutes to more than 8 hours, with landfill equipment having the highest daily use. The number of engine starts per day ranged from 3?11 over the fleet with an average of 5 starts per day. The average percent idle time for the fleet was approximately 25% with a range from 11 to 65% for individual pieces of equipment. Duty cycles based on exhaust temperature/throttle position profiles were also developed for two graders and one dozer.

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ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

3. RESULTS

4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

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