4차 산업 혁명 시대가 도래함과 동시에 코로나-19의 발생으로 비대면이 일반화되는 사회 현실 속에서 소상공인의 디지털 전환은 중요한 과제로 떠오르고 있다. 정부에서도 소상공인 디지털 전환에 대한 정책을 세우고 전환 교육 등 지원 사업을 적극 적으로 추진하고 있다. 본 연구는 소상공인의 디지털 전환을 위해 필요한 소상공인의 디지털 리터러시 수준을 객관적으로 측정할 수 있는 새로운 지표를 개발하는 것이다. 소상공인의 다양한 업종 중에서도 가장 비중이 많은 3차 산업인 숙박 및 음식점업, 도·소매업, 서비스업에 초점을 맞춰 지표 개발을 진행하였다. 소상공인의 디지털 리터러시 측정 지표 개발을 위해서 소상공인의 특성은 무엇인지, 디지털 리터러시 영역과 측정 지표에 대한 선행연구를 검토하였다. 특히 시대적 상황을 반영해야 하는 지표 특성과 이전에는 없던 소상공인을 위한 측정 지표를 개발해야 하는 연구 과제가 있어 FGI 기법을 기반으로 전문가 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 본 연구는 문헌 연구와 FGI을 통해 지표를 도출하고, 지표에 대한 타당도와 신뢰도를 측정하기 위하여 3차 산업에 종사하는 소상공인 대표 및 의사결정자를 대상으로 리커트 5점 척도를 통한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 설문 결과 중 불성실한 답변을 제외한 333개의 설문을 SPSS 26을 통해 분석을 했다. 타당성 검증을 위해 요인분석(KMO&Bartlett)을 실시한 결과 표본적합도는 .937로 나타나 본 지표가 요인분석에 적합한 결과가 도출되었으며, Bartlett의 구형성 검정 결과, =6134.143, p=.000으로 본 지표는 타당하다는 결과가 도출되었다. 지표의 신뢰도의 경우 Cronbach’s Alpha 계수를 활용했다. Cronbach’s Alpha 계수는 .945였으나, 문항 1_1번의 경우 CITC가 .282로 나타났으며, 3_1번, 3_2번의 경우 또한 CITC가 각각 .162, .123으로 나타났다. 0.3 미만의 항목은 여러 항목으로 구성 된 척도 간의 상관성이 낮음을 뜻함으로 세 개의 문항을 ‘제거’ 하였고, 문항 제거 후 Cronbach‘s Alpha 계수는 .947로 비교적 높은 신뢰도를 확보하였다. 연구 결과 소상공인 디지털 리터러시 영역은 크게 기술 환경 기본 역량, 정보 이용 역량, 정보 확산 및 생산 역량, 마인드 인식 역량으로 구성되었으며, 총 22개 문항 지표가 개발되었다. 본 연구는 그동안 연구되어오지 않았던 특정 집단인 소상공인을 대상으로 하는 디지털 리터러시 측정지표를 개발하였다는 점에서 학문적 의의를 가진다. 나아가 디지털 전환 사업을 하는 데 있어 본 측정 지표가 기반이 되어 소상공인의 디지털 역량을 정확하게 파악하는데 기여할 수 있다. 반면 본 지표는 소상공인 중에서도 3차 산업에 국한되어 있는 한계를 가지고 있으며, 추후 지표의 문항이 시대의 흐름에 따라 맞는지 지속해서 검토되고 개정 되어야 한다
With the advent of the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and due to the outbreak of COVID-19, the digital transformation of small business owners is emerging as an important task in the social reality where non-face-to-face is generalized. So, the government has also established policies for digital transformation of small business owners and is actively promoting support projects such as conversion education. This study is to develop new indicators(checklist) that can objectively measure the level of digital literacy of small business owners necessary for digital transformation of small business owners. Among the various industries of small business owners, indicators were developed focusing on the tertiary industries such as lodging and restaurant, wholesale and retail, and service industries, which account for the largest proportion. In order to develop a digital literacy indicators(checklist) index for small business owners, previous studies on the characteristics of small business owners, digital literacy areas, and checklist were reviewed. In particular, expert interviews were conducted based on FGI. It because there were research tasks that required the development of indicator characteristics that should reflect the situation of the times and measurement indicators for small business owners that had never existed before. In this study, in order to derive indicators through literature studies and FGI, and to measure the validity and reliability of the indicators, a survey was conducted on the Likert 5-point scale for small business representatives and decision makers in the tertiary industry. Among the collected survey results, 333 surveys, excluding insincere answers, were analyzed through SPSS 26. As a result of conducting factor analysis (KMO&Bartlett) to verify the validity, the sample suitability was .937, indicating that this indicator was suitable for factor analysis. And as a result of Bartlett''s test of sphericity test, ? =6134.143, p=.000 The result was that the index viewed as .000 was valid. For the reliability of the indicator, Cronbach''s Alpha coefficient was used. Cronbach''s Alpha coefficient was .945, but in the case of question 1_1, CITC was found to be .282, and in the case of question 3_1 and 3_2, CITC was also found to be .162, .123, respectively. Items less than 0.3 meant that the correlation between scales composed of several items was low, so the three items were ''removed'', and the Cronbach''s Alpha coefficient was .947, securing relatively high reliability. As a result of the study, the digital literacy area for small business owners was largely composed of basic technology environment capabilities, information use capabilities, information diffusion and production capabilities, and mind recognition capabilities, and a total of 22 question indicators were developed. This study has academic significance in that it has developed a digital indicators(checklist) index for small business owners, previous studies on the characteristics of small business owners, digital literacy areas, and checklist were reviewed. In particular, expert interviews were conducted based on FGI. It because there were research tasks that required the development of indicator characteristics that should reflect the situation of the times and measurement indicators for small business owners that had never existed before. In this study, in order to derive indicators through literature studies and FGI, and to measure the validity and reliability of the indicators, a survey was conducted on the Likert 5-point scale for small business representatives and decision makers in the tertiary industry. Among the collected survey results, 333 surveys, excluding insincere answers, were analyzed through SPSS 26. As a result of conducting factor analysis (KMO&Bartlett) to verify the validity, the sample suitability was .937, indicating that this indicator was suitable for factor analysis. And as a result of Bartlett''s test of sphericity test, ? =6134.143, p=.000 The result was that the index viewed as .000 was valid. For the reliability of the indicator, Cronbach''s Alpha coefficient was used. Cronbach''s Alpha coefficient was .945, but in the case of question 1_1, CITC was found to be .282, and in the case of question 3_1 and 3_2, CITC was also found to be .162, .123, respectively. Items less than 0.3 meant that the correlation between scales composed of several items was low, so the three items were ''removed'', and the Cronbach''s Alpha coefficient was .947, securing relatively high reliability. As a result of the study, the digital literacy area for small business owners was largely composed of basic technology environment capabilities, information use capabilities, information diffusion and production capabilities, and mind recognition capabilities, and a total of 22 question indicators were developed. This study has academic significance in that it has developed a digital literacy indicators(checklist) for small business owners, a specific group that has not been studied before. Furthermore, this digital literacy indicators(checklist) can contribute to accurately grasping the digital capabilities of small business owners. On the other hand, this indicator has a limitation in that it is an indicator targeting small business owners in the tertiary industry. And the questions of the indicator should be continuously reviewed and revised according to the trend of the times in the future.
