코로나19로 인해 집에서 머무는 시간이 장기화되면서 소비자의 생활 형태와 라이프스타일이 변화해 인테리어 및 가구업계의 매출이 늘고 있다. 그중 공간별 소비자 니즈를 분석해 개개인의 특성에 맞게 커스터마이징 할 수 있는 가구와 인테리어가 떠오르고 있다. 하지만 선행연구를 통해 커스터마이징 가구의 주력 소비자인 밀레니얼 세대들에 대해 분석해 보았을 때 셀프 인테리어 및 가구 선택에 긍정적인 반응을 보이지만 미술적 감각이 없어도 만족할 만한 결과물을 만들 수 있는 상품을 필요로 하며 코디네이션에 어려움을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다.
본 연구의 목적은 커스터마이징 가구로 소비자가 직접 인테리어 공간 및 가구의 분위기를 연출할 때 컬러 코디네이션의 어려움을 해결해 주기 위해 밀레니얼 세대를 대상으로 커스터마이징 가구 배색의 기초 자료를 제안하고자 하였다.
배색 조사 범위는 구체적인 정제 과정을 거쳐 최종적으로 선정된 모던한, 우아한, 클래식한, 내추럴한, 깔끔한, 중후한, 화사한, 전통적인, 아늑한, 고급스러운, 감각적인, 차분한 총 12개의 감성어휘를 기준으로 정하였다. 앞서 이론적 연구를 통해 분석한 커스터마이징 가구의 특징을 고려해 각 감성어휘마다 2색 배색 2개, 3색 배색 2개를 배치한 배색조사지를 제공하였다. 조사에 사용될 색채 범위는 KS표준색 Hue&Tone을 기준으로 하여 색채를 추출할 수 있게 진행하였다. 가구의 종류 및 크기에 따라 변동이 있을 경우를 대비해, 가구 중에서 색채의 비중이 높은 선반과 소파로 제한을 두어 예시자료를 피험자에게 제시하였다.
밀레니얼 세대 중 색채, 디자인 계열 전공 및 종사자인 20대 성인 총 30명을 대상으로 커스터마이징 가구에 관한 감성어휘에 따른 색채 배색에 관하여 대면 설문조사를 진행하였다.
각 감성어휘의 색채경향 및 배색구성 간의 특성을 분석한 것을 토대로 가구 시뮬레이션에 접목시켜 대표 배색을 추출하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다.
‘모던한’ 대표 배색은 N9 N1.5(Black), PB/dkgy PB/dk, B/ltgy B/gy, N9.5(White) PB/wh PB/ltgy, G/ltgy BG/gy BG/dkgy으로 추출하였다. 무채색에서 명도의 차이를 준 배색과, PB, B, BG 계열 순으로 사용하여 저채도를 기준으로 명도의 차이를 주어 표현한 배색이 높은 비율을 차지한 것으로 나타났다.
‘우아한’ 대표 배색은 RP/dk RP/wh, P/wh RP/pl, RP/wh P/sf RP/pl, RP/dl RP/dk으로 추출하였다. RP, P, R 계열 순으로 사용하여 고명도를 기준으로 채도의 차이를 주어 표현한 배색과, 채도가 낮은 색상에서 명도의 차이를 주어 표현한 배색이 높은 비율을 차지한 것으로 나타났다.
‘클래식한’ 대표 배색은 YR/bk YR/gy, YR/dl Y/dk, Y/gy YR/dkgy Y/bk, YR/gy RP/dkgy N1.5(Black)으로 추출하였다. YR, Y, R 계열 순으로 사용하여 저채도, 중채도를 기준으로 명도의 차이를 주어 표현한 배색이 높은 비율을 차지한 것으로 나타났다.
‘내추럴한’ 대표 배색은 Y/wh YR/ltgy, GY/wh GY/pl, GY/wh Y/pl GY/sf, N9.5(White) N9 GY/pl으로 추출하였다. GY, Y, YR 계열 순으로 사용하여 고명도를 기준으로 채도의 차이를 주어 표현하는 배색과, 명도가 높은 무채색과 유채색을 조합한 배색이 높은 비율을 차지한 것으로 나타났다.
‘깔끔한’ 대표 배색은 N9.5(White) N1.5(Black), B/pl N9.5(White), N9.5(White) N9 N6, Y/wh N9.5(White) PB/pl으로 추출하였다. 무채색에서 명도의 차이를 준 배색과 B, PB 계열 순으로 사용한 유채색, 명도가 높은 무채색을 조합한 배색이 높은 비율을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다.
‘중후한’ 대표 배색은 Y/dkgy Y/bk, YR/dp R/dk, Y/gy YR/dkgy Y/bk, YR/gy RP/dkgy N1.5(Black)으로 추출하였다. Y, YR, R 계열 순으로 사용하여 저채도, 저명도 표현한 배색과 중채도에서 명도의 차이를 주어 표현한 배색이 높은 비율을 차지한 것으로 나타났다.
‘화사한’ 대표 배색은 R/wh R/pl, YR/wh Y/lt, YR/wh R/pl Y/lt, RP/wh 9.5(White) R/lt으로 추출하였다. Y, R, YR, RP 계열 순으로 사용하여 고명도를 기준으로 채도의 차이를 준 배색과 유채색과 명도가 높은 무채색을 조합한 배색이 높은 비율을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다.
‘전통적인’ 대표 배색은 YR/dp YR/dk, R/dp Y/vv, Y/dl Y/dk YR/dk, R/s Y/vv G/dp 으로 추출하였다. YR, R, Y 계열 순으로 사용하여 중채도를 기준으로 명도의 차이를 주어 표현한 배색과 고채도, 중명도로 표현한 배색이 높은 비율을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다.
‘아늑한’ 대표 배색은 Y/wh Y/lt, Y/wh YR/ltgy, GY/pl GY/wh Y/ltgy, YR/wh YR/pl YR/sf 으로 추출하였다. Y, YR, R 계열 순으로 사용하여 고명도를 기준으로 채도의 차이를 준 배색이 높은 비율을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다.
‘고급스러운’ 대표 배색은 P/dk P/dl, YR/bk Y/gy, P/dk N1.5(Black) P/gy, YR/dk YR/dkgy Y/gy으로 추출하였다. Y, P, YR, RP 계열 순으로 사용하여 저채도, 중채도 기준으로 명도의 차이를 주어 표현한 배색이 높은 비율을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다.
‘감각적인’ 대표 배색은 B/dk Y/vv, R/s Y/vv, B/dk N9.5(White) R/s, B/lt Y/vv B/dp 으로 추출하였다. R, Y, B 계열 순으로 사용하여 고채도, 중명도로 표현한 배색과, 보색관계이거나 근접 보색 관계의 색상을 조합한 배색이 높은 비율을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다.
‘차분한’ 대표 배색은 PB/wh PB/pl, PB/ltgy B/wh, BG/ltgy G/wh B/wh, B/wh N9.5(White) PB/pl으로 추출하였다. PB, B, BG 계열 순으로 사용하여 고명도를 기준으로 채도의 차이를 준 배색과, 저채도를 기준으로 명도의 차이를 준 배색 비율이 높은 비율을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다.
연구 결과를 토대로 커스터마이징 가구에 관한 감성이미지에 따른 배색 제안과 배색 특성이 유사하게 나타난 감성이미지끼리 부합하여 좀 더 다양한 감성을 연출할 수 있는 배색 가이드를 제안하였다.
본 연구를 통해 커스터마이징 가구를 이용해 주거공간 및 인테리어 분위기를 직접 연출할 때 배색을 쉽게 계획하고, 맞춤형 커스터마이징 가구 서비스에 적용할 수 있는 매뉴얼이 보다 체계적으로 조성되는 것에 도움이 되기를 기대하는 바이다.

As the time spent at home has been prolonged due to COVID-19, consumers'' lifestyle and living style have been changed, and accordingly, sales in the interior and furniture industries are increasing. There is a trend of diversifying residential space utilization methods and furniture designs, and among them, furniture and interiors that can be customized to suit individual characteristics by analyzing consumer needs by space are emerging. In line with this trend, companies currently provide environments such as systems and platforms that help consumers customize themselves, but they are often delivered in somewhat abstract or difficult meanings for the general public to understand design intentions. In addition, when analyzing millennials, the main consumers of customized furniture, through previous studies, it was found that they responded positively to self-interior and furniture choices, but felt difficulty in coordinating.
The purpose of this study is to propose basic data on customizing furniture coloring for millennials to solve the difficulties of coordination when consumers direct interior spaces and furniture atmosphere in person.
The range of the coloring survey was determined based on a total of 12 emotional vocabulary, which was finally selected through a specific refining process, modern, elegant, classic, natural, neat, imposing, bright, traditional, cozy, luxurious, sensuous, and calm. In the previous theoretical study, considering the characteristics of customizing furnitures analyzed through preceding and literature surveys, a coloring survey paper in which two 2 color coloring and two 3 colors coloring were arranged for each emotional vocabulary was provided. The research color range to be used in the survey was conducted to extract colors based on the KS standard color Hue&tone. In order to prepare for changes depending on the type and size of furniture, example data were presented to the subjects by limiting the high proportion of color to shelves and sofas among furniture.
A one-on-one face-to-face survey regarding the coloring depending on emotional vocabulary of customizing furnitures was conducted on 30 adults in their 20s among millennials who are majoring in color and design affiliation and working in related fields that frequently encounter emotional image adjectives.
Based on the analysis of the characteristics between the color tendency and coloring composition of each emotional vocabulary, the representative coloring was extracted by applying it to the furniture simulation, and the results are as follows.
Representative coloring of modern emotional vocabulary were extracted with N9 N1.5 (Black), PB/dkgy PB/dk, B/ltgy B/gy, N9.5 (White) PB/wh PB/ltgy, and G/ltgy BG/gy BG/dkgy. By using coloring that gave the difference in brightness in achromatic colors and mainly in the order of PB, B, and BG series in colors, there was a difference in brightness based on low chroma.
In addition, it was found that the expressed coloring like that accounted for a high percentage. RP/dk RP/wh, P/wh RP/pl, RP/wh P/sf RP/pl, and RP/dl RP/dk were extracted as a representative coloring of elegant emotional vocabulary. The color was mainly used in the order of RP, P, and R colors. Coloring expressed by giving a difference in chroma based on high brightness and coloring expressed by giving a difference in brightness from low chroma accounted for a high percentage.
Representative coloring of classic emotional vocabulary were extracted with YR/bky YR/gy, YR/dly Y/dk, Y/gy YR/dkgy Y/bk, and YR/gy RP/dkgy N1.5 (Black). Colors that were mainly used in the order of YR, Y, and R colors. Coloring that gave the difference in brightness based on low chroma and the coloring expressed by giving the difference in brightness based on medium chroma accounted for a high percentage.
Representative coloring of natural emotional vocabulary were extracted with Y/wh YR/ltgy, GY/wh GY/pl, GY/wh Y/pl GY/sf, and N9.5 (White) N9 GY/pl. It was mainly used in the order of GY, Y, and YR series in color. Coloring expressed by giving a difference in chroma based on high brightness, and coloring combined with high brightness and chromatic colors accounted for a high percentage. But, as more diverse colors were used in the three-color coloring, it was colored by giving a difference in chroma in high-medium brightness.
Representative coloring of neat emotional vocabulary were extracted with N9.5 (White) N1.5 (Black), B/pl N9.5 (White), N9.5 (White) N9 N6, Y/wh N9.5 (White) PB/pl. Overall, the achromatic color ratio was high, and among them, white was mainly used. Coloring that gave the difference in brightness from achromatic color, a combination of chromatic colors mainly used in the order of B and PB series, and achromatic colors with high brightness accounted for a high percentage.
Representative coloring of imposing emotional vocabulary were extracted with Y/dkgy Y/bk, YR/dp R/dk, Y/gy YR/dkgy Y/bk, and YR/gy RP/dkgy N1.5 (Black). It was mainly used in the order of Y, YR, and R series in color. Coloring expressed by expressing low chroma and low brightness and the coloring expressed by giving the difference in brightness in medium chroma accounted for a high percentage. In the three-color coloring, a combination of chromatic colors, N1.5 (Black), and achromatic colors with low brightness accounted for a high percentage.
R/wh R/pl, Y/wh YR/lt, YR/wh R/ply/lt, RP/wh 9.5 (White) R/lt were extracted as representative coloring of bright emotional vocabulary. Colors that mainly used in the order of Y, R, YR, and RP series, and coloring that gave the difference in chroma based on high brightness accounted for a high percentage. In the three-color coloring, a combination of chromatic colors, N9.5 (white), and achromatic colors with high brightness accounted for a high percentage.
Representative coloring of traditional emotional vocabulary were extracted as YR/dp YR/dk, R/dp Y/vv, Y/dl Y/dk YR/dk, and R/s Y/v G/dp. The colors were mainly used in the order of YR, R, and Y, which are warm colors, and within the same color range, coloring that gave difference in brightness based on medium chroma and coloring expressed by high chroma and medium brightness accounted for a high percentage.
Representative coloring of cozy emotional vocabulary were extracted as Y/wh Y/lt, Y/wh YR/ltgy, GY/plGY/wh Y/ltgy, and YR/wh YR/plYR/sf. It was mainly used in the order of Y, YR, and R series in color. Coloring that gave the difference in chroma based on high brightness accounted for a high percentage. But, In the three-color coloring, brightness and chroma were used in various ways.
Representative coloring of luxurious emotional vocabulary were extracted with P/dk P/dl, YR/bky Y/gy, P/dk N1.5(Black) P/gy, and YR/dk YR/dky Y/gy. It was mainly used in the order of Y, P, YR, and RP series. Coloring expressed by giving the difference in brightness based on low chroma and the coloring expressed by giving the difference in brightness based on medium chroma accounted for a high percentage.
Representative coloring of sensuous emotional vocabulary were extracted with B/dk Y/vv, R/s Y/v, B/dk N9.5 (White) R/s, and B/lt Y/v B/dp. It was used in the order of R, Y, and B series in color. Coloring expressed in high chroma and medium brightness, and coloring combined with high chroma in complementary or close complementary relations accounted for a high percentage.
Representative coloring of calm emotional vocabulary were extracted as PB/wh PB/pl, PB/ltgy B/wh, BG/ltgy G/wh B/wh, and B/wh N9.5 (White) PB/pl, and were mainly used in the order of PB, B, and BG. Coloring ratio that gave the difference in chroma based on high brightness and the coloring ratio that gave the difference in brightness based on low chroma was high. In the three-color coloring, the combination of bright chromatic color and achromatic colors accounted for a high percentage.
Based on the results of the study, a coloring proposal according to the emotional image of customized furniture and a color guide that can create more diverse emotions by matching the emotional images with similar characteristics between color trends and coloring composition were proposed.
Through this study, it is expected that it will help to plan coloring easily when creating a residential space and interior atmosphere using customizing furniture and to create a more systematic manual that can be applied to customizing furniture services.