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학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
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연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
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초록· 키워드
오류제보하기
혼자서 식사하는 행동을 이르는 ‘혼밥’은 새로운 사회적 현상으로 자리 잡고 있
다. 혼자 식사하는 사람들은 증가하는 추세이나, 혼자 식사하는 행동이 실제 영양소
섭취 수준이나 건강 상태에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 따라서
본 연구는 중년과 노년에서 ‘혼자 식사하는 군(eating alone, EA)’과 함께 식사하는
군(eating with others, EW)’의 영양 섭취와 건강 상태의 차이를 비교하고자 하였
다. 2013-2017년도 실시한 국민건강영양조사를 통해 수집된 만 40세 이상 성인
12,290명을 최종 분석에 이용하였다. 연구 결과 식사 동반 대상이 없는 군(EA)은
식사 동반 대상이 있는 군(EW)에 비해 낮은 소득수준과 교육수준, 높은 흡연과 비
경제활동을 나타냈다. 중년층 남성에서 EA군은 EW군에 비해 단백질, 나이아신, 철,
단백질로부터 얻는 에너지의 평균 섭취량이 유의적으로 낮았으나, 이들 영양소들의
영양밀도지수는 두 군에서 모두 1 이상으로 충분량을 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났
다. 노년층 남성에서는 EA군이 EW군에 비해 비타민 A와 C의 평균 섭취량과 영양
밀도지수가 유의적으로 낮았고, 철과 인 섭취 부족, 영양섭취부족(overall
insufficiency nutrient consumption) 위험도가 높게 나타났다. 여성에서는 중년층의
경우 EA군이 EW군에 비해 에너지 섭취가 부족할 위험에 대한 오즈비가 유의적으
로 높았다. 노년층의 경우 EA군이 콜레스테롤을 목표섭취량 이상으로 섭취할 오즈
비는 높고, 나트륨을 목표섭취량 이상으로 섭취할 오즈비는 낮았다. 한편, 대사증후
군 구성 지표와 발생 위험에 대한 오즈비를 비교한 결과, 중년층 남성에서는 EA군
은 EW군에 비해 복부비만, 당뇨와 대사증후군 발병에 대한 오즈비가 높게 나타났
다. 반면, 노년층 남성과 중년층 여성, 노년층 여성에서는 EW군에 비해 EA군의 대사증후군
발병 및 대사증후군 구성 요소에 대한 발병에 대한 오즈비가 모두 유의적
인 차이가 없었다. 본 연구 결과를 요약하면, 혼자 식사하는 식행동이 영양소 섭취
수준과 건강에 미치는 영향은 성별과 연령대에 따라 다른 양상을 보이는 것으로 나
타났다. 특히 혼자 식사하는 행동은 중년 남성의 대사증후군의 위험도와 노년 남성
의 영양 불량 위험도를 높이는 것으로 나타나 이들을 대상으로 한 식생활 관리가
필요할 것으로 생각된다.
다. 혼자 식사하는 사람들은 증가하는 추세이나, 혼자 식사하는 행동이 실제 영양소
섭취 수준이나 건강 상태에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 따라서
본 연구는 중년과 노년에서 ‘혼자 식사하는 군(eating alone, EA)’과 함께 식사하는
군(eating with others, EW)’의 영양 섭취와 건강 상태의 차이를 비교하고자 하였
다. 2013-2017년도 실시한 국민건강영양조사를 통해 수집된 만 40세 이상 성인
12,290명을 최종 분석에 이용하였다. 연구 결과 식사 동반 대상이 없는 군(EA)은
식사 동반 대상이 있는 군(EW)에 비해 낮은 소득수준과 교육수준, 높은 흡연과 비
경제활동을 나타냈다. 중년층 남성에서 EA군은 EW군에 비해 단백질, 나이아신, 철,
단백질로부터 얻는 에너지의 평균 섭취량이 유의적으로 낮았으나, 이들 영양소들의
영양밀도지수는 두 군에서 모두 1 이상으로 충분량을 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났
다. 노년층 남성에서는 EA군이 EW군에 비해 비타민 A와 C의 평균 섭취량과 영양
밀도지수가 유의적으로 낮았고, 철과 인 섭취 부족, 영양섭취부족(overall
insufficiency nutrient consumption) 위험도가 높게 나타났다. 여성에서는 중년층의
경우 EA군이 EW군에 비해 에너지 섭취가 부족할 위험에 대한 오즈비가 유의적으
로 높았다. 노년층의 경우 EA군이 콜레스테롤을 목표섭취량 이상으로 섭취할 오즈
비는 높고, 나트륨을 목표섭취량 이상으로 섭취할 오즈비는 낮았다. 한편, 대사증후
군 구성 지표와 발생 위험에 대한 오즈비를 비교한 결과, 중년층 남성에서는 EA군
은 EW군에 비해 복부비만, 당뇨와 대사증후군 발병에 대한 오즈비가 높게 나타났
다. 반면, 노년층 남성과 중년층 여성, 노년층 여성에서는 EW군에 비해 EA군의 대사증후군
발병 및 대사증후군 구성 요소에 대한 발병에 대한 오즈비가 모두 유의적
인 차이가 없었다. 본 연구 결과를 요약하면, 혼자 식사하는 식행동이 영양소 섭취
수준과 건강에 미치는 영향은 성별과 연령대에 따라 다른 양상을 보이는 것으로 나
타났다. 특히 혼자 식사하는 행동은 중년 남성의 대사증후군의 위험도와 노년 남성
의 영양 불량 위험도를 높이는 것으로 나타나 이들을 대상으로 한 식생활 관리가
필요할 것으로 생각된다.
목차
I. 서론 ········································································································································1II. 문헌고찰 ································································································································4가. 식사동반여부에 따른 영양 섭취 및 건강상태 ···························································41) 국외 연구 동향 ···············································································································42) 국내 연구 동향 ···············································································································7III. 연구 방법 ···························································································································12가. 연구대상 ···························································································································12나. 조사 내용 및 방법 ·········································································································141) 식사동반 여부 ···············································································································142) 인구사회학적 특성 ·······································································································143) 영양섭취상태 ·················································································································14가) 일일 영양소 섭취 평균 ·························································································14나) 영양밀도지수 ···········································································································15다) 영양소 섭취 부족 및 과잉의 오즈비 ·································································154) BMI와 대사증후군 요소 ·····························································································155) 질병의 판정 기준 ·········································································································16가) 대사증후군 ···············································································································16나) 과체중과 비만 ·········································································································16다) 고혈압 ·······················································································································16라) 당뇨 ···························································································································17다. 통계 분석 ·························································································································17IV. 연구결과 ·····························································································································18가. 식사동반여부에 따른 인구 분포 ·················································································18나. 식사동반여부에 따른 일반사항 ···················································································21다. 식사동반여부에 따른 영양소 섭취 ·············································································241) 일일 영양소 섭취 평균 ·······························································································242) 영양밀도지수(INQ) ······································································································273) 영양소 섭취 부족 및 섭취 과잉의 오즈비(Odds ratio) ······································29라. 식사동반여부에 따른 건강상태 ···················································································321) BMI와 대사증후군 요소 ·····························································································322) 대사증후군 위험 요인과 질병 유병률 ·····································································343) 대사증후군 위험 요인과 질병을 가질 오즈비 ·······················································38V. 고찰 ····································································································································40Ⅵ. 요약 및 결론 ·····················································································································48Ⅶ. 참고문헌 ·····························································································································51국문초록 ····································································································································59Abstract ····································································································································61
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