목차

목 차
I. 서론 1
1. 수은의 물리?화학적 특성 1
2. 수은의 주요 배출원 2
3. 수은의 변형 및 환경매체 간 이동 3
4. 수은의 연구현황 4
4.1. 국외 연구현황 4
4.2. 국내 연구현황 5
5. 연구목적 및 필요성 7
II. 연구방법 9
1. 시료채취 장소 및 채취기간 9
2. 시료 채취 방법 10
3. 건식 침적 flux 추정 12
3.1. GOM의 건식침적속도 산정 12
3.2. PBM의 입경별 농도 및 건식침적속도 산정 14
3.3. 춘천시에 침적된 수은의 질량 산정 16
4. HYSPLIT 모델을 활용한 배출원 분석 17
4.1. 역궤적 분석(back trajectory analysis) 17
4.2. PBL(planetary boundary layer) 17
4.3. PSCF 분석(potential source contribution function) 17
5. 대기오염물질 자료 수집 및 통계분석 19
6. QA/QC 20
III. 결과 및 토의 23
1. 대기 중 수은의 시간에 따른 농도특성 23
1.1. 연구기간동안의 대기 수은 농도 23
1.2. 월평균 및 계절적 변화 28
1.3. 대기 수은 종의 일변화 33
2. 특정 이벤트에 따른 대기 수은농도의 변화 39
2.1. 강수에 의한 수은 농도변화 39
2.2. 대기 수은 종의 고농도 이벤트 43
2.3. GEM 43
2.4. PBM 44
2.5. GOM 44
2.5. PSCF 50
3. 대기 중 수은의 건식침적 flux 파악 53
3.1. GOM 및 PBM의 건식침적속도 57
3.2. GOM 및 PBM의 건식침적 flux 63
3.3. 측정기간동안 침적된 수은의 질량(amount) 73
IV. 결론 76
□ 참고문헌 78
□ Abstract 91
List of Table
Table 1. Mercury concentrations reported in previous studies 4
Table 2. Air pollutant emission facility in Chuncheon (reported in as of 2018) 9
Table 3. Size-segregated PBM concentration percentage from 0 to 14 μm in previous study (Kim, 2017) 15
Table 4. Land use categories classified in this study. 16
Table 5. Standard Operating Procedures in various countries for atmospheric mercury concentration measurement using Tekran speciation system 21
Table 6. Concentrations of atmospheric mercury species in South Korea reported in other studies 25
Table 7. Averaged seasonal concentrations of atmospheric mercury species 29
Table 8. Averaged GEM concentration for each cluster during June and July in 2019 and in 2020 32
Table 9. Factor analysis results 38
Table 10. Averaged concentrations of the three Hg species and representive air pollutants for each cluster of GEM, GOM, and PBM high concentration event 49
Table 11. Pearson correlation coefficients between dry deposition flux, concentration, and deposition velocity for PBM by land use category (LUC) 54
Table 12. Pearson correlation coefficient between dry deposition flux, concentration, and deposition velocity for GOM by LUC 54
Table 13. Dry deposition flux of GOM and PBM in previous studies 56
Table 14. Dry deposition velocity by particle size in the urban during the measurement period 59
Table 15. Dry deposition velocity by particle size in mixed farm during the measurement period 60
Table 16. Dry deposition velocity by particle size on the water surface during the measurement period 61
Table 17. Dry deposition velocity by grain size in mixed forest during the measurement period 62
Table 18. Monthly averaged and seasonally averaged dry deposition velocity and dry deposition flux for GOM 65
Table 19. PBM Dry deposition flux by particle size in urban during the measurement period 69
Table 20. PBM dry deposition flux by particle size in mixed farm during the measurement period 70
Table 21. PBM Dry deposition flux by particle size in water surface during the measurement period 71
Table 22. PBM dry deposition flux by particle size in mixed forest surface during the measurement period 72
Table 23. GOM deposited amount for each LUC in Chuncheon, South Korea 74
Table 24. PBM deposited amount for each LUC in Chuncheon, South Korea 75
List of Figures
Fig. 1. Location of the sampling site. 9
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the Tekran speciation system(source : Laurier et al., 2004). 11
Fig. 3. Concentrations of hourly GEM (top panel), bihourly GOM (middle panel), and bihourly PBM (bottom panel) during the whole sampling period. 26
Fig. 4. Concentration distribution of atmospheric mercury species during the measurement period(top-GEM, middle-GOM, bottom-PBM). 27
Fig. 5. Box-plot of monthly GEM concentration. Solid red line indicates the arithmetic mean. 30
Fig. 6. Box-plots of monthly PBM (upper panel) and monthly GOM (lower panel) concentration. 31
Fig. 7. Mean back-trajectories of each cluster during June and July in 2019(left) and 2020(right). 32
Fig. 8. Diel variations of GEM (top), GOM (middle), and PBM (bottom) for each season. 35
Fig. 9. Diel variations of O3 (top), atmospheric relative humidity (middle), and wind speed (bottom) for each season. 36
Fig. 10. The variation in atmospheric Hg (GEM, PBM, and GOM) and ventilation coefficient. 37
Fig. 11. Average decrease rate according to rainfall event. 41
Fig. 12. Concentration reduction rate as a function of rainfall intensity. 41
Fig. 13. Concentration reduction rate as a function of precipitation depth. 42
Fig. 14. Concentration ratio before and after rain event as a function of precipitation depth. 42
Fig. 15. Back-trajectory cluster analysis for GEM high concentration event. 46
Fig. 16. Back-trajectory cluster analysis for PBM high concentration event. 47
Fig. 17. Back-trajectory cluster analysis for GOM high concentration event. 48
Fig. 18. PSCF results for the top 25% GEM (upper) and for the top 25% GOM (lower) concentrations. 51
Fig. 19. PSCF result for the top 25% PBM concentration. 52
Fig. 20. GOM concentration (top panel), dry deposition velocity (Vd) (the second panel from above), the dry deposition flux calculated using daily averaged concentration and daily averaged Vd (the third panel from above), and the dry deposition flux calculated using hourly concentration and hourly Vd (bottom panel). 55
Fig. 21. Dry deposition velocity (line graph) according to LUC for each particle size and size-segregated PBM concentration(bar graph). 58
Fig. 22. Dry deposition flux of GOM during the measurement period. 64
Fig. 23. Dry deposition flux by PBM size according to LUC. 67
Fig. 24. Dry deposition flux of PBM during the measurement period. 68
Fig. 25. Contribution rate of each LUC to total deposited amount of GOM (left) and PBM (right) in Chuncheon, South Korea. 73