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본 연구는 팔을 뻗은 자세에서의 중량물 취급 시 수직 높이와 중량물의 무게 변화에 따라 근전도(EMG) 실험과 주관적 작업부하 평가를 실시하였다. 근전도 실험을 통해 얻은 %MVC값과 주관적 작업부하 평가값에 대해 회귀 및 분산분석을 실시하였으며, 팔을 뻗은 자세에서의 중량물 취급 시 평가방법의 차이를 알아보기 위해 도출된 결과를 비교 분석하였다.
팔을 뻗은 자세에서의 중량물 취급 시 어깨와 허리에 발생하는 근육 부하를 파악하기 위해 삼각근(deltoid muscle), 승모근(trapezius muscle), 척추기립근(erector spinae muscle) 3가지 근육을 실험 대상 근육으로 선정하였다. 수직 높이는 어깨 높이, 팔꿈치 높이, 주먹 높이, 무릎 높이의 4수준으로 선정하였으며, 중량물의 무게는 5kg, 10kg, 15kg 3가지로 분류하였다. 본 연구의 실험참여자들은 근골격계관련 질환의 경험이 없는 20대 남자 대학생 및 대학원생 9명을 선정하였다.
본 연구의 근전도(EMG)에 대한 분석 결과, 삼각근과 승모근은 수직 높이와 중량물의 무게가 증가할수록 %MVC값이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 척추기립근은 모든 수직 높이에서 중량물의 무게가 증가할수록 %MVC값이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 주관적 작업부하 평가값은 중량물의 무게가 증가할수록 높게 나타났으며, 어깨 높이에서 중량물 취급 시 가장 큰 부하를 느끼는 것으로 나타났다.
삼각근, 승모근, 척추기립근에 대한 %MVC값을 안전 판정 기준에 따라 분류하였을 때, 척추기립근이 위험 작업 범위에 가장 많이 포함되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 한국인의 특성에 맞는 중량물 취급에 대한 기준을 마련할 때 허리에 관한 연구를 중점적으로 참고할 필요성이 있을 것이라 판단된다. 또한, 실험조건별로 실시한 주관적 작업부하 평가값을 안전 판정 기준에 따라 분류한 결과는 척추기립근에 대한 %MVC값의 안전 판정 기준에 따른 분류 결과와 유사하게 나타났다. 주관적 작업부하 평가 시 삼각근, 승모근,척추기립근 3가지 근육 부위 중 허리에 느껴지는 부하를 중점으로 응답한 것으로 추정되며, 이는 팔을 뻗은 자세에서 중량물을 취급하는 작업 시 어깨 근육에 비해 허리 근육의 사용이 중요하다고 판단된다.
향후 연구에서는 작업 시간과 빈도, 피실험자의 성별과 연령 등의 특성들을 고려한 연구가 진행될 필요가 있으며, 본 연구는 한국의 실정에 맞는 인력에 의한 중량물취급(MMH) 작업 기준 개발에 대한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.
팔을 뻗은 자세에서의 중량물 취급 시 어깨와 허리에 발생하는 근육 부하를 파악하기 위해 삼각근(deltoid muscle), 승모근(trapezius muscle), 척추기립근(erector spinae muscle) 3가지 근육을 실험 대상 근육으로 선정하였다. 수직 높이는 어깨 높이, 팔꿈치 높이, 주먹 높이, 무릎 높이의 4수준으로 선정하였으며, 중량물의 무게는 5kg, 10kg, 15kg 3가지로 분류하였다. 본 연구의 실험참여자들은 근골격계관련 질환의 경험이 없는 20대 남자 대학생 및 대학원생 9명을 선정하였다.
본 연구의 근전도(EMG)에 대한 분석 결과, 삼각근과 승모근은 수직 높이와 중량물의 무게가 증가할수록 %MVC값이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 척추기립근은 모든 수직 높이에서 중량물의 무게가 증가할수록 %MVC값이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 주관적 작업부하 평가값은 중량물의 무게가 증가할수록 높게 나타났으며, 어깨 높이에서 중량물 취급 시 가장 큰 부하를 느끼는 것으로 나타났다.
삼각근, 승모근, 척추기립근에 대한 %MVC값을 안전 판정 기준에 따라 분류하였을 때, 척추기립근이 위험 작업 범위에 가장 많이 포함되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 한국인의 특성에 맞는 중량물 취급에 대한 기준을 마련할 때 허리에 관한 연구를 중점적으로 참고할 필요성이 있을 것이라 판단된다. 또한, 실험조건별로 실시한 주관적 작업부하 평가값을 안전 판정 기준에 따라 분류한 결과는 척추기립근에 대한 %MVC값의 안전 판정 기준에 따른 분류 결과와 유사하게 나타났다. 주관적 작업부하 평가 시 삼각근, 승모근,척추기립근 3가지 근육 부위 중 허리에 느껴지는 부하를 중점으로 응답한 것으로 추정되며, 이는 팔을 뻗은 자세에서 중량물을 취급하는 작업 시 어깨 근육에 비해 허리 근육의 사용이 중요하다고 판단된다.
향후 연구에서는 작업 시간과 빈도, 피실험자의 성별과 연령 등의 특성들을 고려한 연구가 진행될 필요가 있으며, 본 연구는 한국의 실정에 맞는 인력에 의한 중량물취급(MMH) 작업 기준 개발에 대한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.
목차
목 차 . ⅰ표 목 차 ⅳ그림목차 ⅴⅠ. 서론 ····································································································· 11. 연구의 배경 및 필요성 ················································································· 12. 국내·외 인력에 의한 중량물취급(MMH) 작업과 관련된 선행연구 ···· 43. 연구 목적 ······································································································· 12Ⅱ. 연구의 이론적 배경 및 문헌 연구 ············································· 131. 근골격계질환 ································································································· 131) 근골격계질환의 정의 ··············································································· 132) 근골격계질환의 발생원인 ······································································· 133) 근골격계질환의 발병단계 ······································································· 192. 국가별 인력에 의한 중량물취급(MMH) 작업의 재해 현황 ················· 203. 국가별 인력에 의한 중량물취급(MMH) 작업의 규정 ··························· 211) 한국의 규정 ······························································································· 212) 미국의 규정 ······························································································· 233) 영국의 규정 ······························································································· 234) 일본의 규정 ······························································································· 235) 기타 국가의 규정 ····················································································· 25Ⅲ. 연구 방법 ························································································· 261. 연구 개요 ······································································································· 262. 연구 대상 ······································································································· 273. 연구 설계 ····································································································· 281) 실험 절차 ··································································································· 282) 실험 변수 설계 ························································································· 293) 근전도(EMG) 전극 부착 근육 선정 ······················································ 314. 측정기기 및 도구 ······················································································· 311) 근전도(EMG) 측정기기 ············································································ 312) 주관적 작업부하 평가 ············································································· 333) 실험 보조기구 ··························································································· 34Ⅳ. 연구 결과 및 분석 ········································································· 351. 근전도를 이용한 근육활동의 분석 ··························································· 351) 삼각근 ········································································································· 352) 승모근 ········································································································· 383) 척추기립근 ································································································· 402. 주관적 작업부하 분석 ················································································· 42Ⅴ. 결론 및 고찰 ··················································································· 441. 근전도(EMG) 분석 결과 ·············································································· 452. 주관적 작업부하 분석 결과 ······································································· 48참 고 문 헌 ···························································································· 50
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