본 연구는 음악적 흥미와 행복감, 자기표현력의 관계를 알아보고 유아의 음악적 흥미와 행복감의 관계에서 자기표현력의 매개효과를 규명하는데 목적을 두었다. 본 연구의 목적을 위해 설정된 문제는 다음과 같다. 1. 유아의 음악적 흥미와 행복감 및 자기표현력의 관계는 어떠한가? 2. 유아의 음악적 흥미와 행복감의 관계에 대한 자기표현력의 매개효과는 어떠한가? 본 연구대상은 경상남도 창원시에 소재한 공립 및 사립유치원과 국공립 어린이집, 직장어린이집, 민간어린이집의 유아 만4~5세 406명이다. 유아의 음악적 흥미를 측정하기 위해 김향숙(2016)이 교사용으로 개발한 ‘유아의 음악적 흥미’ 검사도구를 사용하였으며, 유아의 행복감을 측정하기 위해 이은주(2009)가 개발한 ‘유아 행복척도’를 수정 보완하여 사용하였다. 유아의 자기표현력은 Rakos와 Schroeder(1980)가 개발한 자기표현력 검사를 변창진과 김성회(1980)가 번안하여 사용하고 박금희(2014)가 수정·보완하여 이승복(2019)이 재구성한 척도를 수정·보완하여 사용하였다. 본 연구는 2019년 8월 20일 ~ 9월 20일 까지 28일간 실시하였다. 설문조사에 동의한 경상남도 창원시의 공립 및 사립유치원과 국공립 어린이집, 직장어린이집, 민간어린이집 유아를 대상으로 총 411부를 배부하였다. 이 중 406부의 설문지를 분석의 대상으로 하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0, Amos 18.0 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도 및 백분율, 기술통계 값(평균 및 표준편차, 왜도 및 첨도)을 산출하였고, 유아의 음악적 흥미와 행복감, 자기표현력의 관계를 알아보기 위해 상관관계분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 설정한 연구가설을 확인적 요인분석과 구조방정식모형을 활용하여 검증하였으며. 매개효과를 검증하기 위해 Sobel 검정을 실시하였다. 이상의 과정을 통해 얻어진 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아의 음악적 흥미와 행복감 및 자기표현력의 관계를 알아보기 위해 상관관계를 분석한 결과 유아의 음악적 흥미와 행복감, 자기표현력의 관계에 비교적 높은 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 이는 음악적 흥미와 자기표현력이 높을수록 유아의 행복감이 높아짐을 의미하며 음악적 흥미와 자기표현력이 유아의 행복감에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있음을 나타낸다. 둘째, 유아의 음악적 흥미와 행복감의 관계에서 자기표현력 매개효과를 알아본 결과 유아의 음악적 흥미와 행복감, 자기표현력 간에는 모두 유의한 정적관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 음악적 흥미와 자기표현력, 자기표현력과 행복감으로 가는 경로가 모두 유의하였으며, 유아의 음악적 흥미는 행복감에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 유아의 음악적 흥미는 행복감을 직접적으로 높이는 역할을 하고 음악적 흥미가 높은 유아는 자기표현력도 높아지며, 높아진 자기표현력이 유아의 행복감을 높이는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 자기표현력은 유아의 음악적 흥미와 행복감의 관계에서 부분적으로 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 유아의 음악적 흥미가 행복감에 직접적인 영향을 미치기도 하지만 자기표현력의 매개로 영향을 미치고 있음을 의미한다. 본 연구를 통해 유아의 음악적 흥미가 자기표현력에 영향을 미쳐 궁극적으로 유아의 행복감 증진에 도움이 된다는 것을 밝혔다는데 그 의의가 있다. 이러한 연구결과에 근거한 실제적 시사점을 논하였다. 주제어 : 음악적 흥미, 자기표현력, 행복감, 매개효과
This study aims to investigate the relationship between musical interest, happiness, and self-expression and to identify mediating effects of self-expression in the relationship between young children''s musical interest and happiness. The questions posed for the purpose of the study are as follows. 1. What relationship are there between young children''s musical interest, happiness, and self-expression? 2. What mediating effects does self-expression have in relationship between young children''s musical interest and happiness? The subjects of this study were 406 children aged 4 to 5 years old in public and private kindergartens, public daycare centers, workplace daycare centers, and private daycare centers located in Changwon City, Gyeongsangnam-do. To measure musical interest of young children, young children musical interest inventory designed by Kim Hyang Suk(2016) was used. The study also revised a happiness scale for young children designed by Lee Eun Ju(2009) and used it in order to assess the happiness of young children. In measuring young children''s self-expression, self-expression inventory designed by Rakos and Schroeder(1980), utilized by Byun Chang Jin and Kim Seong Hoe, revised by Park Jeum Hi(2014), and reconstructed by Lee Seung Bok(2019) was used in the study. This study was conducted for 28 days from August 20 to September 20, 2019. This study was conducted based on the surveys answered by 406 children from public and private kindergartens, public day care centers, workplace day care centers, and private day care centers in Changwon City, Gyeongsangnam-do. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and Amos 18.0 program, and frequency and percentage, descriptive statistics (average and standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis) were calculated. Correlation analysis was conducted to find out the relationship between musical interest, happiness and self-expression of young children. The research hypotheses established in this study were verified using CFA(Confirmatory Factor Analysis) and SEM(Structural Equation Modeling), and Sobel test was conducted to verify the mediating effect. The results of this study obtained through the above process are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the correlation between the musical interest, happiness and self-expression of the young children, there was a relatively high positive correlation between the musical interest, happiness and self-expression of the young children. It implies that the higher musical interest and self-expression young children have, the higher happiness they have. It also signifies that musical interest and self-expression can have a positive influence on happiness of the young children. Second, as a result of examining the mediating effect of self-expression in the relationship between musical interest and happiness of young children, it was found that there was a significant positive relationship between musical interest, happiness and self-expression of young children. In addition, all the paths to musical interest, self-expression, and happiness are significant, and musical interest of young children is shown to have a direct influence on happiness. It shows us that musical interest of young children plays a direct role in enhancing happiness, young children with high musical interest are likely to have a high self-expression, and a high self-expression can make them happier. Therefore, self-expression partially mediated the relationship between young children''s musical interest and happiness. It signifies that young children''s musical interest has not only a direct effect on happiness, but also through the medium of self-expression. This study has its significance in that it revealed that the musical interest of young children influences the self-expression and ultimately helps to improve the happiness of young children. Based on these results, practical implications were discussed in the study.
목 차Ⅰ. 서론 ·············································································· 11. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ······················································12. 연구문제 ·········································································73. 용어의 정의 ·····································································8II. 이론적 배경 ····································································· 91. 음악적 흥미······································································92. 자기표현력 ·····································································153. 행복감 ······································· ···································· 214. 유아의 음악적 흥미, 행복감, 자기표현력의 관계 ··················30III. 연구방법 ········································································· 321. 연구대상 ·········································································322. 연구도구 ·········································································333. 연구절차 ·········································································374. 자료분석 ·········································································38Ⅳ. 연구결과 ·········································································391. 연구변인들에 대한 기술통계 ··········································392. 유아의 음악적 흥미와 행복감 및 자기표현력의 상관관계 ···413. 측정모형의 부합도 및 모수치 추정결과 ····························43Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론 ·····································································49참고문헌 ·················································································53Abstract ·················································································67【부록】 ·····················································································70유아의 음악적 흥미, 행복감, 자기표현력에 관한 설문지