목차

Abstract 1
Chapter 1. Introduction 4
1.1. Study Background 4
1.2. Literature Review 6
1.2.1 Thermal related researches in urban outdoor space 6
1.2.1.1 Urban heat island effect 6
1.2.1.2 Urban heat budget 7
1.2.1.3 Heat in urban canyon 9
1.2.2. The way of discovering urban heat causes 10
1.3. Research flow 12
1.4. Research Scope 14
Chapter 2. Thermal Comfort and Longwave Radiation over Time in Urban Residential Complexes 15
2.1. Introduction 15
2.2. Method 22
2.2.1. Survey Process 24
2.2.1.1. Pilot Test 24
2.2.1.2. Survey Design 24
2.2.1.3. Observation Site Selection 25
2.2.1.4. Measurement and Data Collection 25
2.2.2. Context of the Study Sites 26
2.2.3. Research Limitations 28
2.3. Research Findings and Analysis: Causal Analysis of Longwave Radiation Time Shift 28
2.3.1. Comparison of Tree and Building Effects 29
2.3.2. Comparison of Building Shade Effect 30
2.3.3. Time Shift by Tree Volume and Composition 31
2.3.4. MRT 34
2.4. Discussion: Energy Sustainability to Improve Thermal Environment 37
2.4.1. Time Shift of Radiation by Tree Volume and Composition 39
2.4.2. Time Shift of MRT 40
2.4.3. Study Limitations 40
2.4.4. Suggestions for Further Research 41
2.5. Conclusions 41
Chapter 3. Determining Favourable and Unfavourable Thermal Areas in Seoul Using In-Situ Measurements: A Preliminary Step towards Developing a Smart City 44
3.1. Introduction 44
3.1.1. Urban Heat and Spatial Typification for Sustainability 44
3.1.2. Heat Energy and Spatial Typification 46
3.1.3. Studies Using the Existing Spatial Approaches 47
3.1.4. Typification Method 49
3.1.5. Objectives and Application 50
3.1.6. Research Process 51
3.2. Extraction of Favourable and Unfavourable Areas 53
3.2.1. Spatiotemporal Scope 54
3.2.2. Input Data 54
3.2.3. Methodology 55
3.2.4. Results of K-Means Clustering 56
3.3. Sensible Heat Flux Calculations 58
3.4. In-Situ Validation 60
3.4.1. In-Situ Measurement Process 61
3.4.1.1. Considerations for Measurement Design 61
3.4.1.2. Observation Site Selection 62
3.4.1.3. Measurements and Data Collection 62
3.4.1.4. Context of the Study Sites 64
3.4.2. Limitations of the in-situ Measurement 65
3.5. Validation Results: Comparison of Sensible Heat Fluxes from the Six Sites 67
3.6. Discussion 70
3.6.1. Spatiotemporal Shift in Sensible Heat Flux 70
3.6.2. Development of Thermally Sustainable Smart Cities 74
3.7. Conclusions 75
Chapter 4. Analysing sensible heat flux patterns in Seouls land use zoning districts to improve the urban thermal environment 79
4.1. Introduction 79
4.1.1 Zoning and the Thermal Environment 80
4.1.2 Research Trend of Urban Heat, Thermal Environment, and Land Cover in Zoning 82
4.1.3 Study Objective 84
4.2. Methods 84
4.2.1 Study Site 85
4.2.2 Data 87
4.2.3 Research flow 89
4.2.4 K-means clustering (Figure. 20) 90
4.3. Results 91
4.3.1 Unfavourable and favourable thermal areas 91
4.3.2 Analysis of zoning districts for sensible heat flux intensity 92
4.3.2.1 Unfavourable thermal area (UTA) in the zoning district 93
4.3.2.2 Favourable thermal area (FTA) in the zoning district 96
4.4. Discussion 97
4.4.1 Unfavourable Thermal Area 97
4.4.2 Favourable Thermal Area 100
4.4.3 Application to Zoning 102
4.4.4 Guidelines for implementation 104
4.5. Limitations and future directions 105
4.6. Implications 106
4.7. Conclusions 107
Chapter 5. Conclusion 110
Bibliography 112