본 연구는 미용전공 대학생들의 일반적 특성에 따른 진로장벽과 진로소명 및 진로결정 차이분석을 하기위해 서울, 경기, 경남 지역 5개 대학교 540명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였다. 미용전공 대학생의 진로장벽 설문도구 김은영(2001) 한국형 진로탐색 장애검사, 진로소명 설문도구 심예린(2010) 한국형 소명척도, 진로결정 설문도구는 고향자(1992)가 번역, 수정하여 제작한 진로결정검사를 활용하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 21.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여, 빈도분석, 요인분석, 기술통계량, 신뢰도분석, 상관분석을 실시하였다. 이러한 절차로 연구결과와 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학년에 따른 진로장벽, 진로소명, 진로결정의 차이가 나타났다. 학년이 높을수록 진로장벽 요인에서 차이가 나타났고, 진로소명은 초월적 부름, 목적/의미, 친사회적지향의 차이는 모두 유의미 하지 않았으며, 진로확신수준, 진로미결정수준의 차이는 없었다. 둘째, 전공에 따른 진로장벽, 진로소명, 진로결정의 차이가 나타났다. 진로장벽 차이는 피부, 헤어, 네일, 메이크업 순으로 유의미하였으며, 진로소명 차이는 모두 유의미하지 않았다. 셋째, 고등학교 형태에 따른 진로장벽, 진로소명, 진로결정의 차이가 나타났다. 진로장벽 차이는 기타(M=2.67), 특성화고(M=2.40), 일반고(M=2.36) 순으로 유의미하였다. 진로소명 초월적 부름과 친사회적지향의 차이는 기타(검정고시), 일반고, 특성화고 순으로 유의미하였다. 넷째, 진로 결정시기에 따른 진로장벽, 진로소명, 진로결정의 차이가 나타났다. 진로장벽은 중학교 졸업이후, 고등학교 졸업이후, 대학 재학 중 순으로 나타났고, 진로소명 친사회적지향의 차이는 통계학적으로 유의미 하지 않았으며, 진로장벽이 가장 높게 나타났다. 다섯째, 졸업 후 뷰티분야 취업희망 여부에 따른 진로장벽, 진로소명, 진로결정의 차이가 나타났다. 진로장벽 차이는 유의미하였으나, 졸업 후 뷰티분야 취업희망 여부가 그렇지 않은 학생의 진로장벽이 취업을 희망하는 학생의 진로장벽보다 더 높았다. 진로소명의 차이는 모두 유의미하지 않았다.
본 연구결과로 진로장벽, 진로소명이 미용전공 대학생의 진로결정수준에 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 대학에서 진로상담 및 진로지도에 있어 개인적인 맞춤형 진단과 이에 맞는 프로그램을 통하여 지도해야 할 것으로 사료된다.
This study attempted to analyze differences in career barrier, career calling and career decision-making by the general characteristics of college students majoring in cosmetology. For this, a questionnaire survey was performed against 540 students from five colleges in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Gyeongnam. In terms of a survey tool for career barrier, Korean Career Barrier Inventory (KCBI, Kim Eun-yeong, 2001) was used. For career calling and career decision-making, the Korean version of Multidimensional Calling Measure (MCM-K, Shim Ye-rin, 2010) and Career Decision Scale (CDS) translated and edited by Goh Hyang-ja (1992) were adopted respectively. For data analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis, descriptive statistics, reliability analysis and correlation analysis were conducted, using SPSS 21.0. The study results found the followings: First, there was difference among career barrier, career calling and career decision-making by school year. Specifically, as school year increased, difference was found in career barrier. In career calling, difference was not statically significant in transcendent summons, purpose/meaning and pro-social orientation. No difference was observed in career certainty level and career indecision level. Second, career barrier, career calling and career decision-making revealed differences by academic major. In terms of significance of difference in career barrier, ‘skin’ was the highest, followed by ‘hair’, ‘nail’ and ‘makeup’. In contrast, no statistical significance was observed in career calling differences. Third, there were differences in career barrier, career calling and career decision-making by the type of high school. In terms of the significance of differences in career calling, ‘others (M=2.67)’ was the highest, followed by ‘specialized high school (M=2.40)’ and ‘ordinary high school (M=2.36)’. In terms of the significance of differences in transcendent summons and pro-social orientation, ‘others (qualification exam)’ was the highest, followed by ‘ordinary high school’ and ‘specialized high school’. Fourth, differences career barrier, career calling and career decision-making were detected by the time of career decision-making. In terms of the degree of career barrier by school year, ‘after middle school graduation’ was the highest, followed by ‘after high school graduation’ and ‘during college’. The differences in pro-social orientation revealed no statistical significance. Fifth, there were differences in career barrier, career calling and career decision-making by respondents’ desire to get a job in beauty after graduation. Even though differences in career barrier were statistically significant, career barrier was lower in the students who wanted to get a job in beauty after graduation than those who didn’t. On the contrary, no statistical significance was found in career calling differences. This study confirmed that career barrier and career calling have an influence on career decision-making level in college students majoring in cosmetology. Therefore, it is needed for colleges to provide career counseling and guidance through custom-made diagnosis and programs.