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다양하고 복잡한 분쟁이 늘어나는 모습은 현대사회의 특성으로 사회가 발전하면서 나타나는 자연스러운 현상으로 인식되었다. 이러한 복잡한 분쟁에 대한 해결방법으로 전통적인 법원의 판결에 대한 새로운 방안으로 대체적 분쟁해결(Alternative Dispute Resolution, ADR)이 미국을 중심으로 각국에 등장하게 되었다. 우리나라에서도 이러한 흐름에 따라, 법리적인 논쟁보다는 당사자간 감정싸움으로 소송을 시작하는 경우 최종심인 대법원까지 상소하는 현상이 일반화되는 부작용이 나타남에 따라 조정제도가 판결을 보완할 수 있는 제도로 평가되기 시작하여 법원 부속형 대체적 분쟁해결 방법인 조정제도를 수용하여 분쟁해결에 활용하게 되었다. 조정제도는 간이하면서도 신속한 분쟁해결 방식으로 소송비용이 저렴하고 당사자의 관계회복 내지 갈등치유의 관점에서 분쟁을 평화적으로 원만히 해결할 수 있는 장점이 많은 제도로서 더욱 활성화 되고 연구되어야 할 제도임은 분명하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 부산고등법원 관내 법원의 조정위원회 운영현황과 부동산 분쟁사건현황 및 실제 조정성공 및 실패사례에 따른 시사점을 살펴보고, 현대사회에서
빈번히 발생하고 있는 부동산 분쟁해결을 위하여 조정제도가 어떠한 역할과 작용을하여야 하는지에 대한 결과를 도출하기 위하여, 통계프로그램 SPSS Win 21.0을 이용하여 부산고등법원 관내 법원의 민사조정위원 100명, 원?피고 등 사건당사자 70명 및 판사, 참여사무관 등 법원관계자 70명에 대한 설문조사 자료에 대하여 빈도분석 및 교차분석(cross tabs)을 실시하였다.
이와 같은 실증분석을 통하여 부산고등법원 관내 법원을 중심으로 부동산 분쟁해결을 위한 민사조정위원회의 합리적인 운영방안을 다음과 같이 제시하고자 한다.
첫째, 행정심판전치주의와 노동위원회 전치주의에서 입증된 효율성과 신속성의 장점을 채택하여 부동산 분쟁사건에도 조정전치주의를 확대 적용하여야 한다.
둘째, 부동산 분쟁과 관련하여 부동산 분야에 대한 전문가를 확보하여 활용하는 부동산 전문조정위원회를 구성하여 운영하여야 한다.
셋째, 조정사건을 관장하고 조정안을 제시하는 조정위원의 의지에 따라 조정사건의 성패가 좌우되므로 조정위원에 대한 실질적인 처우개선이 선행되어야 한다.
넷째, 조정위원이 부동산 분쟁현장 답사를 정례화 하여 당사자의 주장을 듣고 분쟁현장을 파악하여 조정안을 제시하는 것이 바람직하므로 조정위원의 부동산 분쟁 현장 답사가 실질적으로 이루어져야 한다.
다섯째, 조정위원회를 관리하고 조정위원의 행정적, 절차적 지원을 담당하는 법원의 역할 또한 무엇보다 중요하므로 조정위원회의 원활한 운영을 위한 법원의 적극적인 행정적 지원 확대가 요청된다.
여섯째, 조정안이 잘못 작성되어 집행을 하지 못하는 문제를 해결하고 당사자간의 관계회복과 갈등치유를 위하여, 지역 법학전문대학원과 연계한 조정위원의 전문교육을 통한 부동산 전문조정위원을 확보 및 조정기법과 심리상담교육을 실시하여야 한다.
민사조정위원회 조정제도는 대체적 분쟁해결 방법이 등장한 사회적 배경과 연혁에 비추어 우리나라의 경우에도 적극 활성화되어야 할 제도라는 점은 분명해 보인다. 특히, 부동산 분쟁은 지역적 특성이 반영되어 있어 조정에 적합한 사건 유형이라고 할 수 있으므로, 일반인으로 구성된 조정위원에 의한 분쟁해결의 가능성이 높다고 할 수 있다.
민사조정위원회 조정제도는 국민참여재판과 더불어 국민의 사법참여라는 점에서 중요한 의미를 가지는 것으로서 사안에 따른 요건과 논리에 의한 분쟁해결이 아니라 사건당사자들의 눈높이에서 공감과 이해를 통해 분쟁을 해결하고, 당사자간의 관계회복과 화해 및 갈등치유와 아울러 조정성립 시 종국판결과 같은 효력이 발생하는 측면에서 최종심의 역할을 하는 매우 중요한 제도이며, 실제로 조정위원회 조정에 회부된 사건들을 살펴보면 조정성공률이 상당히 높고, 조정불성립 되어 판결선고까지 가더라도 할 말을 다했다는 생각에 사건당사자들이 절차적 만족감을 가지고 재판결과에 승복하는 경우가 많으므로 판결의 보완적 기능에 유용한 제도이다.
조정위원회 조정제도에 대한 제도적 개선과 아울러 조정위원회의 합리적인 운영을 위한 개선도 병행되어야 하므로 이를 관장하는 법원의 노력이 더욱 요청된다고 할 것이다.
빈번히 발생하고 있는 부동산 분쟁해결을 위하여 조정제도가 어떠한 역할과 작용을하여야 하는지에 대한 결과를 도출하기 위하여, 통계프로그램 SPSS Win 21.0을 이용하여 부산고등법원 관내 법원의 민사조정위원 100명, 원?피고 등 사건당사자 70명 및 판사, 참여사무관 등 법원관계자 70명에 대한 설문조사 자료에 대하여 빈도분석 및 교차분석(cross tabs)을 실시하였다.
이와 같은 실증분석을 통하여 부산고등법원 관내 법원을 중심으로 부동산 분쟁해결을 위한 민사조정위원회의 합리적인 운영방안을 다음과 같이 제시하고자 한다.
첫째, 행정심판전치주의와 노동위원회 전치주의에서 입증된 효율성과 신속성의 장점을 채택하여 부동산 분쟁사건에도 조정전치주의를 확대 적용하여야 한다.
둘째, 부동산 분쟁과 관련하여 부동산 분야에 대한 전문가를 확보하여 활용하는 부동산 전문조정위원회를 구성하여 운영하여야 한다.
셋째, 조정사건을 관장하고 조정안을 제시하는 조정위원의 의지에 따라 조정사건의 성패가 좌우되므로 조정위원에 대한 실질적인 처우개선이 선행되어야 한다.
넷째, 조정위원이 부동산 분쟁현장 답사를 정례화 하여 당사자의 주장을 듣고 분쟁현장을 파악하여 조정안을 제시하는 것이 바람직하므로 조정위원의 부동산 분쟁 현장 답사가 실질적으로 이루어져야 한다.
다섯째, 조정위원회를 관리하고 조정위원의 행정적, 절차적 지원을 담당하는 법원의 역할 또한 무엇보다 중요하므로 조정위원회의 원활한 운영을 위한 법원의 적극적인 행정적 지원 확대가 요청된다.
여섯째, 조정안이 잘못 작성되어 집행을 하지 못하는 문제를 해결하고 당사자간의 관계회복과 갈등치유를 위하여, 지역 법학전문대학원과 연계한 조정위원의 전문교육을 통한 부동산 전문조정위원을 확보 및 조정기법과 심리상담교육을 실시하여야 한다.
민사조정위원회 조정제도는 대체적 분쟁해결 방법이 등장한 사회적 배경과 연혁에 비추어 우리나라의 경우에도 적극 활성화되어야 할 제도라는 점은 분명해 보인다. 특히, 부동산 분쟁은 지역적 특성이 반영되어 있어 조정에 적합한 사건 유형이라고 할 수 있으므로, 일반인으로 구성된 조정위원에 의한 분쟁해결의 가능성이 높다고 할 수 있다.
민사조정위원회 조정제도는 국민참여재판과 더불어 국민의 사법참여라는 점에서 중요한 의미를 가지는 것으로서 사안에 따른 요건과 논리에 의한 분쟁해결이 아니라 사건당사자들의 눈높이에서 공감과 이해를 통해 분쟁을 해결하고, 당사자간의 관계회복과 화해 및 갈등치유와 아울러 조정성립 시 종국판결과 같은 효력이 발생하는 측면에서 최종심의 역할을 하는 매우 중요한 제도이며, 실제로 조정위원회 조정에 회부된 사건들을 살펴보면 조정성공률이 상당히 높고, 조정불성립 되어 판결선고까지 가더라도 할 말을 다했다는 생각에 사건당사자들이 절차적 만족감을 가지고 재판결과에 승복하는 경우가 많으므로 판결의 보완적 기능에 유용한 제도이다.
조정위원회 조정제도에 대한 제도적 개선과 아울러 조정위원회의 합리적인 운영을 위한 개선도 병행되어야 하므로 이를 관장하는 법원의 노력이 더욱 요청된다고 할 것이다.
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제1장 서 론 ································································································ 1제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 ················································································· 11. 연구의 배경 ······································································································ 12. 연구의 목적 ······································································································ 4제2절 연구의 범위와 방법 ··················································································· 51. 연구의 범위 ······································································································ 52. 연구의 방법 ······································································································ 6제3절 연구의 구성 ·································································································· 7제2장 민사조정제도와 부동산 분쟁해결에 관한 이론적 고찰 ··········· 10제1절 우리나라의 민사조정제도 ·········································································· 101. 개 관 ··············································································································· 102. 민사조정제도의 도입 ······················································································ 123. 민사조정기관 및 조정제도 ··········································································· 12제2절 대체적 분쟁해결의 발생 및 전개 ··························································· 151. 대체적 분쟁해결의 개념 ················································································ 152. 대체적 분쟁해결의 유형 ················································································ 163. 주요 국가의 법원형 대체적 분쟁해결의 전개 ·············································· 19제3절 부동산 분쟁의 주요 사건유형과 법원형 대체적 분쟁해결의 필요성 ······· 301. 부동산 분쟁의 의의 ························································································ 302. 부동산 분쟁의 주요 사건유형 ······································································· 313. 법원형 대체적 분쟁해결의 필요성 ································································ 49v제4절 선행연구의 고찰 ························································································· 531. 민사조정제도 운영에 관한 선행연구 ····························································· 532. 부동산 분쟁에 관한 선행연구 ······································································· 563. 선행연구와의 차별성 ······················································································ 58제3장 부산고등법원 관내 법원의 민사조정제도의 운영현황 및 조정사례····· 66제1절 민사조정 신청 및 조정회부 현황 ····························································· 661. 전국 법원 민사조정사건 ················································································ 662. 부산고등법원 관내 법원 부동산 분쟁 및 민사조정사건 ······························ 673. 시사점 ············································································································· 70제2절 민사조정위원회 운영현황 ········································································ 721. 개 요 ··············································································································· 722. 부산고등법원 ·································································································· 723. 부산지방법원 ·································································································· 734. 울산지방법원 ·································································································· 745. 창원지방법원 ·································································································· 74제3절 부동산 관련분쟁 민사조정 사례 ······························································· 751. 민사조정사례 선정이유 ·················································································· 752. 민사조정 성공사례 ························································································· 753. 민사조정 실패사례 ························································································· 824. 시사점 ············································································································· 91제4장 부동산 분쟁해결을 위한 민사조정위원회의 합리적 운영방안에관한 실증분석 ············································································· 93제1절 실증분석의 개요 ························································································· 931. 설문조사의 목적 ····························································································· 932. 설문조사의 내용 ····························································································· 933. 표본선정 및 분석방법 ···················································································· 96제2절 실증분석 ······································································································ 981. 일반적 특성 ···································································································· 982. 조정위원 및 조정 만족도에 대한 인식 ······················································· 1023. 부동산 관련 분쟁사건에 대한 인식 ····························································· 1064. 당사자간의 관계회복 및 조정성공률 제고를 위한 인식 ···························· 113제3절 부동산 분쟁해결을 위한 민사조정위원회의 합리적 운영방안 ·········· 1171. 해결과제 ········································································································ 1172. 조정전치주의 확대 적용 ··············································································· 1193. 부동산 전문조정위원회 운영 ······································································· 1214. 조정위원에 대한 실질적인 처우개선 ··························································· 1225. 부동산 분쟁현장 답사의 정례화 ·································································· 1236. 법원의 행정적 지원 확대 ············································································· 1257. 조정위원의 교육 강화 ·················································································· 127제5장 결 론 ·························································································· 130제1절 연구 결과의 요약 ····················································································· 130제2절 연구의 시사점 ························································································· 134참고문헌 ··············································································································· 137[부록] 설문조사서 ································································································ 141Abstract ················································································································· 155
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