Psychosocial Factors affecting to the Interest in Smoking Cessation among Male Smokers
= A Test of the Health Belief Model =
This study was to investigate the relationship between the interest in smoking cessation and factors that define the interest in smoking cessation. The study subjects were 593 male civil servants who work at D metropolitan city, and they were smokers at the time of the survey. Research method was a survey using self-administered questionnaire in October 2015.
The questionnaires survey included general characteristics, interest in smoking cessation, and composting factors of Health Belief Model(HBM) such as social support net-work, cues to action for smoking cessation, recognition of susceptibility and seriousness for lung cancer, benefits and barriers to the practice of action on smoking cessation. For statistical analysis, univariate analysis(comparison of percentage and mean values), Spearman‘s correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis used for determining the relationship between interest in smoking cessation and its related factors. And the covariance structure analysis was performed to estimate the causal relationships between interest in smoking cessation and factors that define the interest in smoking cessation. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05 and the major findings of the study were as follows:
1. The interest in smoking cessation of study subjects showed that 28.3% in no interest period(no interest in smoking cessation), 45.7% in pre-contemplation period(interest in smoking cessation, but no idea to quit smoking within 6 months), 26.0% in contemplation period(interest in smoking cessation, and will be quit smoking within 6 months).
2. The interest in smoking cessation of study subjects was significantly low in the group of low age, unmarried group, informal employed group, alcohol drinking group, the lower age of the first starting smoking, the longer smoking duration of smoking from the first age until now, the more number of smoking cigarettes per day, and the shorter the time until you smoke your first cigarette from wake up in the morning.
3. Concerning correlation of the interest in smoking cessation and the factors that define the interest in smoking cessation, the interest in smoking cessation was significantly positive correlation with cues to action for smoking cessation, recognition of susceptibility for lung cancer, recognition of seriousness for lung cancer, benefits to the practice of action on smoking cessation.
4. The multiple regression analysis revealed that the factors of influence with explanatory powers of 23.6% on the interest in smoking cessation included employed type, age of the first starting smoking, number of smoking cigarettes per day, the time until you smoke your first cigarette from wake up in the morning, recognition of susceptibility for lung cancer, benefits to the practice of action on smoking cessation.
5. With the analysis of covariance structure, the factors of benefits and barriers to the practice of action on smoking cessation was the biggest factor to increase the interest of smoking cessation, and the following was the order of recognition of susceptibility and seriousness for lung cancer, cues to action for smoking cessation, and social support net-work.
Above results suggest that the cancer prevention effect due to smoking and the awareness of the seriousness of the health problems caused by smoking were the factors increasing interest in smoking cessation. Therefore, I think it is very important that the education of quit smoking of male smokers is going to continue to better understand the factors leading to the increase in smoking in private interest.