Curcumae longae Rhizoma is extracted using ethanol and distilled water, and dyed according to the properties of the pigment and the dyeing conditions of natural fibers (cotton, silk) and synthetic fibers (polyester, rayon, acetate, acrylic). The differences affecting the stains are then analyzed. Additionally, the Curcumae longae Rhizoma ethanol extracts are mixed with PVA, then the form and properties of the Curcumae longae Rhizoma/PVA nanofiber made through electrospinning is analyzed to give the following conclusion:
1. In the case of Curcumae longae Rhizoma distilled water extracts and ethanol extracts, the maximum absorption wavelength appeared near 424nm within the visible light range, and it was verified as curcumin as it has an absorption wavelength at 420nm.
2. According to the results of the FT-IR analysis of the Curcumae longae Rhizoma distilled water extracts and ethanol extracts, both showed a wide absorption peak near 3300cm-1,and this was identified as the OH stretching vibration of Curcumae longae Rhizoma, while the absorption peak near 1712cm-1 is the representation of the pigment structure of curcumin, and the peak near 1650-1450cm-1 is the absorption peak caused by the aromatic and aliphatic properties.
3. According to the results of the GC-MS analysis of the Curcumae longae Rhizoma distilled water extracts and ethanol extracts, both showed peaks of terpenoid and its analogous components, and various volatile substances and essential oil components were detected. In the distilled water extracts, a total of 13 types of various volatile substances and essential oil components (composed of 3 types of phenol, 3 types of alcohol, 4 types of benzene, 1 type of alkane, 1 type of acid and 1 type of ketone) was detected. In the case of the ethanol extracts, 8 types of phenol, 6 types of benzene, 6 types of alkane, and 2 types of acid components made up a total of 22 types of chemical compounds. In particular, benzene and phenol components have been detected in large quantities, and this has been reported as the reason behind the unique odor and various aromatic properties of Curcumae longae Rhizoma.
4. The total polyphenol content of Curcumae longae Rhizoma distilled water extracts measured is 21.48 ㎍/ml, while that of ethanol extracts measured is 242.33 ㎍/ml. The total flavonoid content of distilled water extracts measured is 13.59 ㎍/ml, while that of ethanol extracts measured is 166.65 ㎍/ml.
5. The yield of Curcumae longae Rhizoma distilled water extract is 19.71%, while the yield of ethanol extract is low at 5.36%. However, in the same concentration, the dyeing volume of ethanol extract appeared higher. Both fabric dyeing using distilled water extracts and ethanol extracts showed increasing dyeing volume as the concentration, temperature and time increase. As a result of observing the b*values, the dyeing equilibrium state was found at 0.5%concentration, 60℃ and 60minutes. Thus, these are set as the optimum conditions.
6. Afterchroming was done to monitor the changes in color caused by mordanting. As a result, majority of the dyed fabrics’ Y-series colors did not change with the mordant, and in the case of iron mordanting, a redness appeared and a reddish brown color was observed as the a*value increased.
7. For the color fastness assessment of woven fabrics dyed through extraction with the ethanol and distilled water of Curcumae longae Rhizoma, silk fabric and polyester fabric are used and dyed with ethanol extracts and distilled water. Then, the color fastness to washing, sunlight, rubbing and perspiration is measured. As a result, generally low color fastness was shown except color fastness to rubbing.
8. In terms of functionality, the antibacterial aspect of fabrics dyed with distilled water extracts showed 0% on all samples as a result of staphylococcus aureus and pneumococcus tests. On the other hand, in the case of fabrics dyed with ethanol extracts, it was not able to show antibacterial functionality on all samples. For staphylococcus aureus, cotton samples showed 95.7% results, 3.6% for polyester samples, and for pneumococcus, 0% for cotton and 7.7% for polyester. When it comes to deodorizing, the fabrics dyed with distilled water extracts are 68.5%, polyester, 25.1%, while for fabrics dyed with ethanol extracts, cotton fabrics are 81.5% while polyester are 17.4%. Through this, fabrics dyed with Curcumae longae Rhizoma are verified as environmentally friendly and functional, while Curcumae longae Rhizoma was verified as a functional pigment.
9. For PVA nanofibers, the nanofibers produced by adding 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5 wt% concentration of Curcumae longae Rhizoma ethanol extracts at PVA concentration 12 wt%, voltage 10 kV, TCD 15 cm conditions showed increased diameters and no observed beads, and thus it was verified that it uniformly radiated.
10. The hydrogen bonding between the Curcumae longae Rhizoma extracts and PVA, and the resulting degree of crystallinity, melting point, and increase in heat capacity were identified through FT-IR, XRD and DSC analysis. In addition, it was verified that the Curcumae longae Rhizoma/PVA nanofiber was created in a state wherein the bond between the molecules were smoothly made.
Through the researches similar to those aforementioned, the pigment properties of Curcumae longae Rhizoma extracted in two extraction methods, the color change in woven fabrics dyed with natural fiber (cotton, silk) and synthetic fiber (polyester, rayon, acetate, acryl), and the color fastness were compared to build the basic data whether Curcumae longae Rhizoma extracts can be used as a natural dyeing material. Additionally, as an application research, the Curcumae longae Rhizoma extracts extracted with ethanol extracts were mixed with PVA, and then subjected to electrospinning. As a result, it was verified that a composite nanofiber is uniformly produced.
However, this research thinks that studies must be done on dyeing fabrics with Curcumae longae Rhizoma that has multiple colors ? red in basic conditions and yellow in acidic conditions. In this research, Curcumae longae Rhizoma is mixed with ethanol extracts and PVA. Thus, further researches on producing composite nanofibers with distilled water extracts, and in vivo researches that verify the pharmacological effects of Curcumae longae Rhizoma seem necessary.