심장질환에 의한 심정지는 매년 3대 사망원인에 포함되는 예측 불가능한 사망원인 중 하나이다. 심실세동과 심실빈맥은 자동제세동기를 포함한 심폐소생술만 이루어진다면 생존율이 90% 까지 보고되고 있다. 뒤늦게나마 국내에서도 심폐소생술 보편화를 위해 자동제세동기 설치를 의무화하기 시작했으나 제대로 된 교육과 홍보가 이루어지지 않아 실 사용률이 떨어지는 실정이다.
본 연구는 공공기관 종사자들을 대상으로 심폐소생술 및 자동제세동기 사용에 관한 인식과 교육 및 홍보에 관해 연구하고, 그 결과를 토대로 효율적인 교육과 홍보가 이루어져 심폐소생술과 자동제세동기의 실 사용률을 향상시키는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.
연구의 방법은 2016년 강원도와 경기도에 소재한 공공기관에 근무하고 있는 성인 남녀 243명을 대상으로 연구의 목적과 설문작성의 유의점을 인식시키고 대상자에게 배포하여 자기평가기입식(self-administered method)으로 설문지를 작성하도록 하였다.
연구 도구로는 심폐소생술 및 자동제세동기 사용에 기본 지식을 측정하기 위해 이문희(2005), 이정화(2012), 임순옥(2009)이 사용한 설문지를 이용하여 본 연구의 목적에 맞게 응급의학전문의 3인과 소방 119구급대원 2인의 검토를 받아 수정?보완하여 사용하였다. 심폐소생술 및 자동제세동기 사용에 대한 인식을 파악하기 위해 김숙향(2006), 박미애(2013), 진선미(2013)가 사용한 설문지를 본 연구의 목적에 맞게 수정?보완 하여 사용하였다. 심폐소생술 및 자동제세동기 사용에 대한 전반적인 교육을 파악하기 위해 김숙향(2006), 박미애(2013), 이정화(2012)가 사용한 설문지를 본 연구의 목적에 맞게 수정?보완 하여 사용하였다. 심폐소생술 및 자동제세동기 사용에 대한 다양한 직?간접 홍보를 접해본 경험이 있는지 파악하기 위해 진선미(2013)의 설문지를 본 연구의 목적에 맞게 수정?보완 하여 사용하였다.
자료 분석은 Window용 SPSS 22.0을 이용하여 분석하였으며 일반적 특성은 빈도와 백분율을 이용하여 빈도분석을 실시하였고 공공기관 종사자의 심폐소생술 및 자동제세동기 사용에 대한 사전지식과 심폐소생술에 대한 인식, 심폐소생술에 대한 홍보, 심폐소생술 교육 실태 차이는 t-test와 One-Way ANOVA(일원변량분석)과 χ2(Chi-square) 검증을 실시하였다.
연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 공공기관 종사자들을 대상으로 조사한 사전지식 수준은 11점 만점 중 6.9점으로 그리 높지 않았으며 심폐소생술과 자동제세동기에 대한 인식은 대부분 높았으나 수행 의사는 절반에 그쳐 인지도에 비해 수행 의사가 떨어지는 모습을 보였다. 또 심폐소생술 영상물을 접촉한 경험이 있는 종사자는 매우 높게 나왔으나 자동제세동기 영상물을 접촉한 경험이 있는 종사자는 절반도 되지 않아 자동제세동기에 대한 홍보가 더 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다. 마지막으로 공공기관의 심폐소생술 교육은 절반 이상의 기관에서 이루어지고 있으나 외부 단체를 통해 시행되다 보니 교육의 일관성이 떨어지는 모습을 보였으며 자동제세동기 교육을 생략하는 기관도 있었다.
따라서 교육의 질을 향상시키기 위해서는 일관성 있는 교육 프로그램을 개발하여 보급해야하며, 실제 상황과 같은 가상의 시나리오를 통해 연습한다면 종사자들의 현장대응력과 자신감도 향상될 것이다. 또 자동제세동기가 설치되어 있는 공공기관에서 자동제세동기의 사용목적과 사용방법을 포스터로 만들어 부착한다면 더 효과적인 홍보 효과를 볼 수 있을 것이다.

This study is a descriptive research that was carried out in order to offer basic data for being made efficient education and PR on CPR and AED by surveying a relationship among recognition, education and PR on CPR and AED use targeting employees who work at public institution. A statistical method that was used for data analysis was analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 for Windows. General characteristics were conducted frequency analysis. Prior knowledge on CPR and AED use, recognition & perception on CPR, PR on CPR, and a difference in the actual condition of CPR education were executed t-test, One-Way ANOVA and χ2(Chi-square) test. All the statistical analyses were made at the significance level of .05. Data collection was carried out a survey from March 5, 2016. 250 copies of the self-administered method questionnaire were conducted targeting workers at public institutions where are located in Gangwon Province and Gyeonggi Province. But excluding 7 copies that were judged to be poor in the responded contents, the collected data of 243 subjects were applied. The following are the conclusions that were clarified in this study.
1. The samples that were used in this study are totally 243 employees at public institutions where are located in Gangwon Province and Gyeonggi Province. Among these subjects, male accounted for 52.7% and Age group included 105 people(43.2%) in 30-39 years old. By final academic background, it was indicated to be 137 people(56.4%) for university graduate. By work experience, it was shown to be 84 people(34.6%) for more than 10 years. Based on whether or not experiencing emergency situation, it included 207 employees(85.2%) who have never experience of emergency situation.
2. Most of the employees were well knowing about ''a concept of CPR,'' but were surveyed to have low prior knowledge on the details of CPR and AED such as ‘position of a hand in case of chest compression,'' ’sequence of operating AED.'' Prior knowledge stood at 6.90 in the whole average out of the 11-point perfection. Thus, the employees were indicated to have no high prior knowledge on CPR and AED use.
3. The employees of knowing CPR are possessing 95.5%. The employees who have intention of operating CPR in a strange person were shown to be 56.4%.
As for a reason of avoiding the operation of CPR, there were the largest employees who shun the operation of CPR because of a fear for being likely to do harm to a patient. There were many employees who intend to use AED in cardiac arrest patients. A reason of not using AED directly in cardiac arrest patients was the largest in because of not knowing how to use AED. It was recognized to have not been universalized awareness or performance on CPR and AED use. A reason of thinking that it isn''t generalized was recognized to be because of the lack of education and PR on CPR.
4. The experience that the public institution employees received promotional materials related to CPR was indicated to be 77.0%. A route of getting promotional materials was indicated to have been received the most through TV program. A reason of failing to get promotion can be known to be the largest in because of being lacking in publicity itself. PR method was shown to be recognized that the compulsory education at a school or a workplace is most effective. The experience that the public institution employees received promotional materials related to AED was indicated to be 49.4%. A route of getting promotional materials related to AED was indicated to be the most in TV program. PR method of AED was shown to be recognized that the compulsory education at a school or a workplace is most effective.
5. There were many employees who have ever received CPR education within public institution. As for the CPR education cycle, there were the largest employees who received once a year. The CPR education time was the largest in employees who received for 1-3 hours. CPR education type was indicated to be received the most through the education that the person oneself directly practices with mannequin following the theory education. As for the necessity of CPR education within public institution, the employees of recognizing the necessity accounted for 78.2%. The employees who intend to receive given being offered the CPR education within public institution were indicated to include majority. The employees who have experience of AED education within public institution were large with 51.4%. As for education type, there were the largest employees who directly practice themselves following an instructor''s theory education. Most of the public institution employees perceived that the education on AED needs to be included in CPR education.