This study was intended to investigate the difference in job stress, ego resilience, and turnover intention according to the general background variables, and how job stress, ego resilience, and turnover intention of childcare teachers are related. Also, the purpose of this study is to provide this research data to improve quality of education of young infants by decreasing the turnover of teachers according to the result on relative influence of job stress and ego resilience on the turnover intention.
The subject of this study consisted of 233 teachers who are employed in nursery facilities located in Hwaseong and Anyang in Gyeonggido. To measure the job stress of childcare teachers, this study used Modified Teacher Occupational Stress Factor Questionnaire of D’Arienzo, Moracco and Krajewski(1982) which was adapted by Kwon Ki-Tae(1990) and modified by Yoon Hye-Young(2009), for ego resilience, this study used selected and validated questions related to ego resilience of California Psychological Inventory by Klohnen(1996) that were adapted by Park Hyeon-Jin(1996) and modified and supplemented by Park Ok-Sook(2011), and used a research tool that Kim Jin-Ah(2009) constructed into 6 questions by referring to the question items of Suh Eun-Hee(2002) and Suh Ji-Young(2002) that were organized based on a research of Cook et al(1981) for the turnover intention.
Data was collected through questionnaire, and the collected data was analyzed using SPSS 19.0 Program. For analysis method, frequency and percentage were calculated to understand general characteristics of the research subjects, conducted descriptive statistics, t-test, and One-way ANOVA to investigate the level of job stress, ego-resilience, and turnover intention of daycare teachers, and conducted Scheffe test for the post-hoc. Also, this study conducted a correlation analysis to investigate a relationship between job stress, ego-resilience, and turnover intention, and conducted multiple regression analysis for the effect of job stress and ego-resilience on the turnover intention.
The results of this study are as follows.
First, according to the result of difference in job stress, ego-resilience, and turnover intention according to the general characteristics of childcare teachers, job stress showed significant difference according to the employment history, salary, working hour, and overtime pay, ego-resilience showed significant difference by academic background, salary, working hour, and overtime pay, and the turnover intention showed significant difference by salary, working hour, and overtime pay.
Secondly, job stress and ego-resilience of childcare teachers had effect on the turnover intention, and it was identified that the higher job stress resulted in higher turnover intention and higher ego-resilience showed lower turnover intention.
Thirdly, according to the result of relative influence of job stress and ego-resilience on the turnover intention, higher job stress from administrative support, activities of daycare children, and relationship with parents made significant effect on the turnover intention, and it was identified that the higher optimistic attitude lowered the turnover intention of teachers.
To sum up, job stress and ego-resilience of childcare teachers make influence on the turnover intention, and the degree of job stress perceived by each individual may differ according to the degree of ego-resilience even if they are under the same job stress.