Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum extract was analyzed for its pigment characteristics using two different solvents of distilled water and ethanol and the extract was used for dyeing silk fabrics to analyze the different effects of changes to dyeing conditions on dyeing properties.
In addition, celandine extract by distilled water was mixed with PVA and Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum/PVA nanofiber produced by electrospinning were analyzed for their forms and characteristics to conclude with the following results: 1. Ultraviolet-visible spectrum was used to investigate the pigment characteristic, and as a result, tannin was identified as distilled water extract, whereas besides tannin, berberine and chlorophyll were identified in ethanol extract.
2. FT-IR analysis, band of O-H spectrum is formed in around 3250 cm-1 due to tannin identified as hydrolyzable tannin. For ethanol extract, chlorophyll was verified through absorption band of C-H, which is aliphatic spectrum around 2920 cm-1 and 2850 cm-1.
3. GC/MS analysis, distilled water extract were not detected terpine compounds. but ethanol extract were detected sedrene and thujopsene, which are sesquiterpene, and limonen, which is monoterpenein. These oil components as well as terpine compounds expected some functionality.
4. It was measured that distilled water extract contained polyphenol of 38.4 mg/g and ethanol extract had polyphenol of 60.58 mg/g while distilled water extract contained flavonoid of 14.88 mg/g and ethanol extract had flavonoid of 52.82 mg/g.
5. Extraction yield by distilled water was 21.50% and the yield by ethanol was lower than that showing 2.07%. However, silk fabrics dyed with the extract by ethanol indicated bigger dyeing uptakes in the same concentration. Silk fabrics dyed with each extract suggested that the dyeing uptakes got bigger as the concentration of the extract increased and the optimal dyeing temperature was set to 40 ℃ taking into account the dyeing temperature with which showed greater K/S values while maintaining the yellow color with much increased b* values and the duration to 60 minutes considering the economic feasibility. Fabrics dyed with the two different extraction methods showed Y-colors and those with the ethanol extract looked better with visually beautiful colors. 6. Post mordanting was done to observe color changes by mordanting and, as a result, fabrics dyed with distilled water extract looked dark brown due to mordants such as Al and Cu while Fe mordanting increased green and blue colors making those fabrics look khaki. Fabrics dyed with ethanol extract looked a bit brighter brown and mordanting by Fe mordanting also made them look khaki.
7. Both distilled water extract and the ethanol extract indicated lower values by the color fastness measurement except fastness to rubbing. In particular, fabrics dyed with distilled water extract indicated even lower values in fastness to washing and the ones dyed with ethanol extract in fastness to light and sweat.
8. PVA nanofiber were produced with regular forms of fibers in a condition of PVA concentration 12 wt%, voltage 10 kV, TCD 15 cm and nanofiber produced with distilled water extract by increasing concentration 0.25, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 wt% respectively were also evenly spun without beads and incomplete spinning forms.
9. Hydrogen bond between Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum extract and PVA and subsequent reduction of degree of crystallization, melting point and thermal capacity was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD and DSC analyses and therefore it was demonstrated that nanofiber can be produced after molecular binding is completed.
This study suggested basic information which allows Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum to be used as natural dyes by comparing the pigment characteristics of two different extract methods with color changes and dyeing fastness of the fabrics dyed by such extract and further revealed a possibility for applied researches that addition of PVA to Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum extract by distilled water can lead to production of hybrid nanofiber through a process of electrospinning.