This paper examined the level of self efficacy, emotional intelligence, job stress, and quality of life of nurses working in Tertiary Hospital depending on socio-demographic characteristics, health-related factors, and job-related factors. Especially, the main purpose of this survey was to investigate the relevance to an self efficacy, emotional intelligence, job stress and quality of life.
The research subjects were 222 nurses working at tertiary hospital in Seoul and Daejeon, and the survey was conducted from August 3rd, 2015 to August 21st, 2015, using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The survey was based on the subjects; related to socio-demographic characteristics, health-related factors, job-related factors, self efficacy, emotional intelligence, job stress, and quality of life. The main findings are;
1. The mean score of self efficacy of the study subjects was 32.05±4.52(range: 17～43points), that of emotional intelligence was 55.30± 7.23(range: 36～80points), that of job stress was 52.49±7.51(range: 32～81points), and that of quality of life was 78.04±13.41(range: 43~120points)
2. In socio-demographic characteristics, the mean score of an self efficacy is low when they were younger(p<0.001), when they were lower educational level (p=0.001), and when they got lower salary(p<0.001). And that of the unmarried group(p<0.001), was much lower than that of the married group. In the case of the mean score of emotional intelligence, it was low when they were younger(p<0.001), they were low educational level(p=0.001), and they got lower salary(p<0.05). And that of the unmarried group(p<0.05), was much lower than that of the married group. In socio-demographic characteristics, the mean score of the job stress was not statistically significant. In the case of the mean score in the quality of life, it was low when they were younger(p<0.001), when they were low educational level(p<0.001), and when they got low salary(p=0.001)
3. In health related factors, the mean score of self efficacy was low when their subjective health status was worse(p<0.05). And that of coffee drinking group (p<0.05), group of having enough sleep(p<0.01), and group of having regular meals(p<0.05) was even lower than that of non-coffee drinking group, group of having lack of sleep, and group of having irregular meal. In the case of the mean score in emotional intelligence, it was low when their subjective health status was worse(p<0.01). And that of group of having lack of sleep(p<0.001), and group having irregular meal(p<0.05) was a lot lower than that of group having enough sleep, and group having regular meal. In the case of the mean score in job stress, it was high when their subjective health status was worse(p<0.01). And that of group having lack of sleep(p<0.001), and group having irregular meal(p<0.05) was much higher than that of group having enough sleep, and group having regular meal. In the case of the mean score in quality of life, it was low when their subjective health status was worse (p=0.001). And that of irregular exercise group(p<0.01), group having lack of sleep(p<0.001), and having irregular meal(p<.001) was a lot lower than that of each counterpart.
4. The mean score of self efficacy according to job related factors was low when their working period were shorter(p<0.001). and that of staff nurse group(p<0.001), unfit to the job group(p<0.001), hard physical burden of work group(p=0.01), dissatisfaction of work group(p<0.01), and doing shift work group(p<0.01) was much lower than that of charge/head nurse group, fit to the job group, adequate physical burden of work group, satisfaction of work group, and undoing shift work group. In the case of the mean score in emotional intelligence, that of working in special part group(p<0.05), 5∼9 years of work group(p=0.001), staff nurse group(p<0.01) fit to the job group(p<0.01), having turnover intension group(p<0.01), hard physical burden of work group(p<.001), satisfaction of work group(p<.001), and doing shift work group(p<0.01) was much lower than that of each counterpart. In the case of the mean score in an job stress, that of working in special part group(p=0.05), 5∼9 years of work group(p=0.01), having turnover intension group(p<0.01), hard physical burden of work group(p<0.001), dissatisfaction of work group(p<0.001), and doing shift work group(p<0.001) was much higher than that of each counterpart. In the case of the mean score in quality of life, 5∼9 years of work group(p<0.001), staff nurse group(p<0.001), unfit to the job group(p<0.001), having turnover intension group(p<0.001), hard physical burden of work group(p<0.001), dissatisfaction of work group(p<0.001), and doing shift work group(p<0.001) was much lower than that of each counterpart.
5. The quality of life showed significant positive correlation to the self efficacy and emotional intelligence, and showed significant negative correlation to the job stress. Also they were significant correlation between themselves.
6. According to the result of a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, the meaningful variables related to quality of life were exercise, sleeping hours, position, fit to the job, turnover intension, emotional intelligence, self efficacy, and job stress. The explanation power of entire variables was 56.3%. If adding the emotional intelligence variable, the figure increased up to 10.1%, so did the self efficacy variable to 1.0%, and so did the job stress variable to 2.3%.
The results mentioned earlier indicated that the self efficacy, emotional intelligence, job stress and quality of life experienced by the research subjects had a deep relation to many variables like socio-demographic characteristics, health-related factors and job-related factors. Self efficacy, emotional intelligence and quality of life showed a meaningful positive correlation. But job stress and quality of life did a negative correlation. Especially, emotional intelligence was high explanation power factors that meaningfully affect quality of life. Therefore, to increase the nurses’ quality of life, Development of program to increase the nurses' self efficacy and emotional intelligence, and the development and implement of a mental healthcare program to control not only job stress but also socio-demographic characteristics, health-related factors and job-related factors is urgently needed.