이 연구의 목적은 2009 개정 교육과정 초등학교 3∼6학년 과학 교과서에 제시된 기후변화 교육 내용을 조사·분석하여 2014년부터 새 개정교육과정에 의해 실시되고 있는 초등학교에서의 기후변화 교육 내용과 방향에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 연구 수행을 위해 기후변화 교육에 대한 문헌 연구와 2009 개정 교육과정의 초등학교 3∼6학년 과학 교과서에서 다루어지고 있는 기후변화 관련 내용 요소의 특성을 분석하였다. 또한, 기후변화 관련 내용의 적절성을 분석하기 위해 기후변화 원인, 기후변화 영향 및 현상, 기후변화 대응 등 3가지 영역으로 구성된 기후변화 분석틀을 이용하여 2009 개정 초등학교 과학 교과서 3~6학년 1, 2학기 총 8권에 반영된 기후변화 교육 내용을 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등학교 3∼6학년 과학 교과서 전체의 기후변화 교육 내용을 분석한 결과, 기후변화 원인에 대한 내용이 78.1%로 가장 많았으며, 기후변화 영향 및 현상 11.8%, 기후변화 대응 10.1%의 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 초등학교 3∼6학년 과학 교과서의 학년별 기후변화 교육 내용을 분석한 결과, 6학년 과학 교과서에 기후변화 교육 내용이 가장 많았으며, 다음으로는 5학년, 4학년, 3학년의 순으로 나타났다. 특히, 5학년 2학기 교과서의 ‘날씨와 우리 생활’, 6학년 2학기 교과서의 ‘계절의 변화’ 단원의 내용 대부분은 기후변화 교육 내용을 담고 있었다. 셋째, 초등학교 과학 교과서의 기후변화 관련 단어를 분석한 결과, 지구 온난화, 해수면 상승, 극지방의 얼음녹음, 생태계 변화 등과 같은 지구 온난화 영역이 21개로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로는 신재생에너지 영역 10개, 환경오염 영역 7개 순으로 나타났다. 연구 결과에 따른 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 최근 해수면 상승과 같은 기후변화에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 어릴 때부터 기후변화 교육의 필요성이 부각되고 있음을 고려할 때, 초등학교 교육과정에서 기후변화 교육 내용을 다룰 필요성이 제기된다. 구체적으로는 초등학교 과학 3∼4학년은 기후변화 영향 및 현상 중심으로, 5∼6학년은 기후변화 원인 및 기후변화 대응 중심으로의 접근이 가능하다. 둘째, 초등학교에서의 체계적인 기후변화 교육을 위해서 기후변화 교육 내용 요소가 여러 학년에 걸쳐 고르게 반영될 수 있도록 해야 하며, 그 내용 요소 수준은 대상 학생에 맞게 제시될 필요가 있다. 셋째, 초등학교 교과서의 기후변화 교육 내용은 학생들의 지식수준을 고려하여 동영상, 애니메이션 등 다양한 수업 보조 자료의 활용이 필수적이며, 기후변화 및 지구 온난화 개념에 대한 기본적인 이해가 필요하다. 이 연구는 2014년부터 적용되고 있는 초등학교 과학 교과서의 기후변화 교육 내용을 분석하였다는 점에서 의미가 있으며, 초등학생을 위한 기후변화 교육 관련 교재 및 프로그램 개발에 유용한 시사점을 줄 것으로 기대된다.
The purpose of this study is to have implications in education contents of climate change and directions which are being developed in the elementary school with new revised curriculum from 2014. This study was conducted by investigating and analyzing the contents of climate change represented in elementary school science textbooks from third grade to sixth with curriculum revision in 2009. The characteristics of climate change contained in science textbooks of elementary school from third grade to sixth with curriculum revision in 2009 and the literature research on climate change education, were analyzed to conduct this study on. Also, 8 science textbooks of each semester from third grade to sixth were investigated to find out the appropriateness on contents of climate change. The analytic frame used in this analysis is composed of 3 sections, including the cause, the impact and phenomenon, and the response plan of climate change. The results of this study are as follows. First, the cause of climate change accounted for the highest percentage as 78.1% of the overall science textbook from third grade to sixth in elementary school, followed by the impact and phenomenon with 11.8%, and the response plan with 10.1%. Second, on analysis of the education contents with climate change represented in science textbooks of elementary school from third grade to sixth, the most-included is the textbook of sixth grade, then fifth, fourth, and third grade in order. Especially, a lot of contents of ‘Weather and Our lives’ in textbook of the second semester in fifth grade and ‘A change of Season’ of the second semester in sixth grade, contained educational details of climate change. Third, when analyzing the terms of climate change in science textbooks of elementary school, the terms highly rated on 21sections were related the global warming, like the rise in sea level, the melting of the polar ice, ecosystem change, etc. New renewable energies are rated 10 sections. And environmental pollutions are rated on 7 sections. The followings are implications of the results of this study. First, it is necessary to include the curriculum for climate change education in elementary school. As there are a rising interests on climate change like sea level rising, people consider the needs for educating climate change highlight from childhood. To be specific, focus on the impacts and phenomenon of climate change at third and fourth grade, and the cause and response of climate change at fifth and sixth grade in elementary school. Second, educational elements in climate change should be evenly reflected over whole school year for giving students the systematic education in elementary school. In this case the level of elements needs to be considered as the students are in. Third, the climate change contents in textbooks of elementary school highly require a variety of types of supplementary materials, for example, videos, animation, and so on. The contents of textbook in elementary school should be considered the student level of knowledge, and the basic understandings on climate change and global warming are necessary. This study has meaning as it analyzed the educational contents of climate change in elementary science textbooks which are applied from 2014, and expects to suggest informative implications for developing materials and programs related climate change for elementary school students. Key words : climate change, climate change education, science by the revised 2009 curriculum, elementary science
목 차Ⅰ. 서론 ·····································································11. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ···············································32. 연구 내용 ······························································53. 용어의 정의 ····························································6Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ···························································71. 기후변화 ································································71) 기후변화의 정의 ·······················································72) 기후변화의 원인 ·······················································83) 기후변화의 영향 ·······················································104) 기후변화의 대응 ·······················································122. 과학과 교육 목표와 기후변화 교육 ·································121) 과학과 교육 목표와 내용체계 ·········································122) 2007 개정, 2009 개정 초등학교 과학과 교육과정의 특징·····153) 기후변화 교육과 학교 기후변화 교육 ································23Ⅲ. 연구 방법 ······························································251. 연구 절차 ·······························································252. 연구 대상 ·······························································263. 교과서 분석 ····························································281) 기후변화 교육의 내용 요소 ·······································282) 기후변화 교육 내용 체계 분석 ···································29Ⅳ. 연구 결과 및 논의 ··················································321. 기후변화 교육 내용 체계 개발 ······································322. 초등학교 과학 교과서의 기후변화 교육 내용 분석 결과 ········351) 3∼6학년 과학 교과서의 기후변화 교육 내용 분석 결과 ·······352) 학년별 과학 교과서의 기후변화 교육 내용 분석 결과 ·········423) 기후변화 교육 관련 단어 분석 결과 ······························51Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 ·····························································54참고문헌 ······································································57ABSTRACT ·································································62