최근 건설 산업에서 새롭게 부각되고 있는 모듈러 건축은 공장 제작된 박스형태의 모듈 유닛을 시공현장으로 운반하고 조립하여 건축물을 완성하는 공법이다. 이 모듈러 건축은 최대 50%까지 공기를 단축, 건자재를 최대 90%까지 재활용할 수 있으며, 설계비 절감, 원가 절감 등 많은 장점으로 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 그리고 모듈러 건축과 유사한 프로세스를 가진 컨테이너를 이용한 건축이 일부 건축가들에게서 주거 공간, 복합 문화 공간, 전시 공간 등으로 활용하여 새로운 공간의 대안으로 제시되고 있다. 해외에서 컨테이너는 2000년대 이후부터 미국과 유럽을 중심으로 전 세계적으로 환경의 중요성이 부각되고 건축적인 재료로서 공간 활용의 대안으로 주목 받고 있으며, 임시 구호주택, 소규모 주택, 기숙사, 각종 복합 문화 공간, 교육 공간, 업무 공간, 상업 공간 등으로 그 영역을 확장해 가고 있다. 하지만 국내는 아직 컨테이너를 활용한 건축물이 일반인들에게 많이 알려지지 않았고, 도시의 미관을 해치는 불법 건축물이라는 부정적인 인식이 강하고, 아직까지 부족한 연구로 인하여 컨테이너에 대한 정의와 유형에 대한 명확한 기준 없이 다양한 명칭으로 사용되어 지고 있다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 모듈러 건축과 컨테이너 건축의 비교를 통해서 컨테이너 건축의 건축적 가능성과 모듈러 건축의 한 부류에 속한다는 것을 서술하고, 국내와 해외에 지어진 컨테이너를 활용한 다양한 건축물들을 모듈러 건축의 유닛박스형과 인필형에 따라 건축물의 규모, 용도, 공사유형, 건물유형, 모듈크기 등 다양한 항목들을 사례 121개의 건축물의 유형을 분류하고, 분석하여 그 특징들을 살펴보는 것이 목적이다.
Modular architecture system represents an industrialized construction technique which completes a building by transferring mass-produced box module units to a site and assemble them, and is recently applied to various buildings including military installations, schools and boarding houses due to many advantages such as curtailing construction period, simple reuse of materials, reduction of design expenses and cost. And the latest in modular architecture with a similar process of using a container construction housing, cultural facilities and exhibition facility, the complex's facilities were planned, suggest an alternative to the new public space.
Container, the importance of globally environment becomes highlighted, since 2000, it has been attracting attention as an alternative to the space used as architectural material mainly in the US and Europe, emergency dwelling, small house , dormitory, cultural facilities, complex, educational facilities, offices, and is planned for a commercial facility, it is expanding its area. Container has itself rigidity and space. So it is great meaning because the freight transported from door to door in transportation without forms changing. Also a container make various uses because it has itself rigidity and space. Because just put it on the any useful place. A kind of these trend, recently, has studied on the variation of containers.
However, buildings utilizing still container in domestic was not known to many ordinary people, strong negative perception that illegal buildings impair the appearance of the city, the studies are still insufficient, the container without definition and types of clear criteria, and are used in a variety of names. Against this background, in this study, belongs to the class of architectural possibilities and modular structure of container architecture through a comparison of container construction of modular structure, and take advantage of the container, which was built in the country and abroad a variety of buildings that was depending on the unit box type and infill type of modular structure, scale of buildings, use, type of construction, type of building, such as module size, the type of building cases 121 various items the classified, analyzed, it is the purpose of take a look at its features.
To summarize the analysis of the type of unit box type is as follows.
First, the unit box type is most low-rise type of less than the third floor, and mobility and variability emphasizing housing equipment using a single module unit, was the most common exhibition facilities for the public relations and marketing. Secondly, new building and building type was the most common. Rather than mobility, in the case of a building settlement type may utilize two, three or more 20Ft container tried the combination of various module units. Facilities that use 40Ft container, not the mobility, security and space utilization aggressive cultural facilities of the area, commercial facilities, business facilities was the most common. Third, in the case of extend a building and remodeling, is applied to the outside only three locations, rest represent the uniqueness of the inner space is planned and cut to fit the plan space in the use of the container, and processed to have been used by a refurbished rapid extension, also secured reduced and economy of construction period.
To summarize the analysis of the type of infill type type is as follows.
First, the most building of the third floor above the high-rise, apartment building concept residential facilities and a variety of programs and operations to area the necessary cultural facilities securing of, is complex made a main. Secondly, in the case of a residential facility, almost horizontally lamination method of the fourth floor or more modules unit, use a lot of the basic method of vertical stacked, in the case of complex, cultural facilities, business facilities, and of infill type through the reinforcement of the frame structure is an advantage to the combination of units in different ways for the elevation of more individual, of the 43 pieces of cases, 31 cases are generally steel frame, reinforced concrete is inserted the unit modules to the framework, such as a PC jaws, while it is planned by an external finishing, 12 cases were as representing the structure beauty and thereby directly exposing the structure. Third, if the extension, because it is intended to be carried out in order to secure the area for the lack of the area of the existing facilities, it is planned to protrude in existing buildings, simply also cases was enlarged in the roof , or are planning to indoor type in abandoned factory, was also several cases of planned buildings strung.
Container structure as a modular architecture is still an early stage, but I have a number of advantages. Container, while the role of the single structure, the variability in the characteristics of the combination at the same time free module, as it can utilize the modular unit, in some variations, that can be installed in a short period of time rapidity also has, it can be suppressed during extension or renovation construction period, costs, minimize noise, vibration, etc. problems. The field of modular architecture is carried out steadily research and many method development and patent.
Container architecture is also continuously viable tool, because it is a means, is drawn into the aggressive technical capabilities of the modular structure, advising collection and space for technology development that utilize container of particular, the advantage various combinations of types and specialized strategy through the development of flat, indoor and appearance finish, there is a need for ongoing research and the need for improvement of integrated design, such as color planning.