본 연구는 인삼의 개갑율 증진과 우량 묘삼 생산을 위한 기초 및 응용자료를 얻고자 인삼품종과 연생별로 종자 채취시기를 달리하여 종자 특성을 조사하고, 개갑과정에서 배와 배유 발달과정의 조사를 통해 개갑율의 차이를 비교분석하며, 생장조절제 GA3 처리 효과를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다.
This study was conducted to obtain the basic and the applied informations in order to improve the rate and method of seed stratification and to produce high quality ginseng seedlings. The seed characteristics were investigated with different harvesting times of seeds in different cultivars and different years-old of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. The development of embryo and endosperm in process of seed stratification was examined and its development was comparatively analyzed to the stratification rate. The effects of GA3, plant growth regulator, were also investigated during the seed stratification. The research results obtained were summarized as follows.
1. Base on the results investigating of seed characteristics with different cultivars and years-old of ginseng, they were not clearly differences with different years-old, while they were significantly different among cultivars. The seed length was the longest in Gopoong cultivar, about 6.3mm, whereas it was the shortest in Chunpoong cultivar, 5.7mm. The seed width was not significantly different in between cultivars and years-old ginseng. 2. With the results measuring the seed hardness and the seed coat thickness, the strongest hardness of seed was in Chunpoong cultivar, averagely 14.7kgf, and the most thickness of seed coat was also in Chunpoong cultivar, about 0.33mm, comparing to those of other cultivars.
3. The seed width was appeared to have significant relations with the thickness and the hardness of seeds. Thinner thickness of seed coat had higher stratification rate, showing that the seed coat thickness and the stratification rate were negatively related each other. Also, stronger hardness of seeds had lower stratification rate, showing that the stratification rates were negatively related to the hardness of seeds.
4. The 100 seed weight of 11 different cultivars was ranged form 5.4g to 7.4g. Chunpoong was 5.4g, the lightest 100 seed weight, while Gopoong and Sunun were 7.4g, the heaviest one. The seed length was ranged from 4.5mm to 6.5mm. 45% of seeds were in range of 5.0∼5.5㎜ seed length; higher than 6.0㎜ were about 4.3% and lower than 4.5mm about 2.3%. Especially, Cheonryang had longer seed length compared to those of other cultivars, having that more than 95% of seeds were longer than 5.5mm.
5. When the seeds were harvested before complete mature, both the embryo and the endosperm were not developed much. However, when the seeds were harvested after complete mature, the endosperm was well developed while the embryo was not well developed. With the results investigating the growth responses of embryo and endosperm of ginseng seeds, the length of embryo was remarkedly increased at 60days after the beginning of stratification and the width at 70days. Unlike the embryo the size of endosperm was not rapidly increased and its size was slightly increased at beginning of stratification and then it was gradually increased during the stratification.
6. The flowering stages of 10 different ginseng cultivars were investigated from May 15 to May 20; the cultivar which had the earliest flowering stage was Cheongsun and the cultivar which had the latest flowering stage was Chunpoong. Based on the results examining the stratification rates at different harvesting times of seeds with 10 different ginseng cultivars, the harvesting time that had the highest stratification rate was on July 28. The cultivars which had stratification rate more than 90% were Yunpoong, Gopoong, Sunpoong, Sunwon, Cheongsun, and Sunhyang. The cultivars having the stratification rate from 80% to 90% were Gumpoong and K-1. The cultivars less than 80% were Sunun and Chunpoong. Especially, Chunpoong cultivar out of 10 cultivars had generally the lowest stratification rate at all of different harvesting times of seeds.
7. When harvesting immaturity and maturity seeds at the same time Chunpoong seeds that was more maturity seeds among the sinking seed in water and was much more in the stratification rate. Therefore, it is concluded that the stratification rate can be increased by harvesting only maturity seeds or waiting until the immaturity becomes maturity.
8. The embryo of Chunpoong seed had rapidly growth in 45-60 days after GA3 treatment, after 60 days decreased gradually. Endosperm is the growth was gradually until after treatment 60 days , but rapidly decreased after 60 days, which is the period of the embryo growth.
9. GA3 treatment after 60 days the embryo the average length of embryo was 1.08㎜ while the control was 0.75㎜. It was more 0.4㎜ growth. The average width of embryo was 0.47㎜ while the control was 0.38㎜. It was more 0.11㎜ growth. Accordingly, it is concluded that the development of embryo date can be advanced over 10 days by treating GA3 in Chunpoong.
10. The endosperm of Chunpoong was significantly growth on GA3 treatment after 45 days, and the average length of endosperm was 4.68㎜ while the control was 4.63㎜. It was more 0.05㎜ growth. the average width of endosperm was 3.74㎜ while the control was 3.60㎜. It was more 0.14㎜ growth. Accordingly, it is concluded that the development of endosperm date can be advanced over 10 days, but it was not as effective embryo.
11. The embryo of Yunpoong seed had the 1st rapid growth between 60-70 days, after 70 days decreased gradually. The 2nd growth was observed between 80-90 days. Endosperm is the growth was gradually until 60 days, but rapidly decreased after 60 days, which is the period of the embryo growth.
12. The treatment of higher concentration over 300ppm in the Chunpoong and Yunpoong seeds will be effective to shorten the breeding period through rapid breaking of dormancy. however, increase stratification rate as well rotten rate increase. Therefore treatment of lower concentration of GA3 will be effective for breaking of dormancy as well to decrease the rotten rate.
13. A rapid change in embryo and endosperm and stratification rate is due to the daily temperature differences and hormone changes favorable to stratification. Therefore the study of correlation between growth and development of seeds should be considered.
목차
I. 서 언 1II. 연 구 사 3III. 재료 및 방법 81. 공시재료 82. 인삼 품종 및 연생별 종자특성 83. 인삼종자의 배와 배유의 생장추이 104. 품종과 연생 및 채종시기별 개갑률 조사 105. 개갑시 품종별 배와 배유의 GA3 처리효과 11IV. 결과 및 고찰 121. 인삼 품종 및 연생별 종자의 특성 122. 성숙시기별 인삼종자의 배와 배유의 생장추이 213. 인삼 품종연생채종 시기에 따른 개갑률 244. 인삼 종자 개갑시 품종별 GA3 처리 효과 31V. 적 요 56VI. 인 용 문 헌 59
