The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of supply and purchase ties of the enterprises within the old industrial complex and to observe how this relation structure is formed within the industrial complex. In particular, the study pays special attention to analyzing the spatial characteristics of local embeddedness through the network of the enterprises that have moved into the old industrial complex. In so doing, it is possible to present problems of transfer policy of business in the old industrial complex and to use the information as an evaluation index for the old industrial complex. The detailed purposes of the study are as follows: First, this research tries to examine what differences the structure of embeddedness according to each industrial complex makes with regard to the rank of productivity and of the structure of embeddedness. In the case of an industrial complex with high productivity, it may be possible to see the possibility of growth of an industrial complex depending on how the structure of embeddedness is formed. Second, this research tests whether the main bodies of the enterprises within the old industrial complex shows the phenomenon of regional/non-regional embeddedness. This study presents how the regional/non-regional spatial characteristics of the enterprises within the industrial complex influence the industrial complex. Third, this research figures out the enterprises that are spatially dependent via the network of enterprises connected with each other and to interpret what roles they play with regard to relocating the industrial complex.
Through this process, the study has obtained the following results: First, after analyzing the structural embeddedness, judging from the perspective of the whole network, these three industrial complexes have an average 60～70% of network density value and with regard to group coefficient, Sungseo’s First Industrial Complex showed the lowest analysis result. In addition, after analyzing the network density and concentration of supply and purchase ties of the enterprises within the old industrial complex, with regard to network density and concentration, the network of supply and purchase ties of the enterprises within Cheongju Industrial Complex were higher than Daejeon Industrial Complex and Sungseo’s First Industrial Complex. Next, after analyzing the centeredness, seeing the degree of ties between enterprises within Cheongju Industrial Complex from the internal perspective, in the case of supply ties, the degree of ties between enterprises located in metropolitan area, Chungcheong area and southeast area was relatively closely related, and in the case of purchase ties, the degree of ties in metropolitan area and Chungcheong area was high. Also, the enterprises located in Chungcheong area showed a high degree of supply and purchase ties. On the other hand, with regard to the degree of ties between enterprises within Daejeon Industrial Complex, the degree of supply and purchase ties of the enterprises located in metropolitan area, Chungcheong area and southeast area was high from the internal perspective and the enterprises located in Chungcheong area were in structurally influential areas. Also Sungseo’s First Industrial Complex has formed the supply ties with the enterprises located in metropolitan area?Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon areas, and in the case of purchase ties, it forms close ties with the enterprises located in Daegyeong region?Daegu and Gyeongbuk. After analyzing the relational embeddedness, the component analysis which considered the direct connection distance and indirect connection distance showed similar network characteristics in all three complexes, but when their strength of ties were analyzed according to small groups under the subgroup, they relatively formed two core groups in the order of Cheongju Industrial Complex, Daejeon Industrial Complex and Sungseo’s First Industrial Complex. And the results of n-clique analysis showed that, compared to those of Daejeon Industrial Complex and Sungseo’s First Industrial Complex, the enterprises within Cheongju Industrial Complex have more groups that belong to connection distance 3 and the network activities of the enterprises within Cheongju Industrial Complex are formed relatively a little stronger. Lastly, after examining the differences between the rank of relative productivity and the rank of structure of embeddedness using DEA, the results showed that the rank of productivity was mostly the same as that of structure of embeddedness.
Next, this research interpreted the results for structural and relational embeddedness. After structurally analyzing the network characteristics of the supply and purchase ties of the enterprises within these three industrial complexes, it could confirm that the enterprises within the industrial complex?in their industrial interrelationships with other enterprises regarding the value chain within specific industry?have a majority of enterprises located in specific areas with which they have presented a systematic and cooperative relationship, and that the particular network structure between enterprises is formed even within the old industrial complex. That is, all three industrial complexes have strongly formed the ties among the main bodies of production which are located in the same or neighboring administrative spheres. This phenomenon, although it may be weak, is embedded in the enterprises within the industrial complex. The results of analyzing the structure of relational embeddedness indicate that each group consists of the enterprises located in the same city and county areas. That is, it means that the enterprises that are spatially dependent exist in the supply and purchase ties of the enterprises within the industrial complex, and that the industrial complex is growing through the ties which have been formed for a long time. Especially in the case of the same or similar businesses within Sungseo’s First Industrial Complex, the enterprises located within the industrial complex have maintained strong interrelationships with the other enterprises that are located in other areas by forming the network of enterprises inside and outside the neighboring areas with the industrial complex as their center. Therefore, it assumes that the enterprises located within Sungseo’s First Industrial Complex show more, although weak, spatial dependence when compared to Cheongju Industrial Complex and Daejeon Industrial Complex. In addition, reflecting from the relationships inside and outside the region spatially from the aspect of industrial complex, these three industrial complexes showed a little more local phenomena than non-local phenomena. Based on this, this study assumes that the enterprises within these three industrial complexes have been embedded from the aspect of industrial complex.
Based on the analysis results of this study, the following are suggested in terms of remaking policy of the old industrial complex: First, the plan for remaking policy should be differentiated according to the differences in productivity of the old industrial complex. Namely, in the case of the old industrial complex with relatively high productivity, the phenomenon of the structure of local embeddedness occurs more frequently than the industrial complex with low productivity; therefore, remaking policy should be lead carefully considering the characteristics of the enterprises as well as the locational conditions of the existing old industrial complex. Second, the enterprises within the old industrial complex have formed intercorporate relationships with each other centering around the main bodies geographically near to them, which suggests that the supply chain of the individual enterprises within the old industrial complex is still enhancing the efficiency of the industrial complex located in the region. Third, the enterprises that show spatial dependency are located within the existing industrial complex and have strong relationships with other enterprises inside and outside the region; therefore, it may depreciate the efficiency of the industrial complex if the transfer policy of the old industrial complex is implemented without considering the characteristics of the embeddedness of these enterprises. Accordingly, it seems necessary that the government consider this matter when they decide to relocate businesses in order to revitalize the remaking policy of the old industrial complex and how the enterprises are being embedded in the region as a guide to evaluating the old industrial complex.