요 약 이 연구는 일반적 특성에 따른 실손형 민간의료보험 가입 및 미가입자의 입원과 외래 의료이용을 분석하고 성별에 따른 연령 및 만성질환 유무의 층화를 통해 이들 요인이 실손형 민간의료보험 가입 및 미가입자의 입원과 외래 의료이용에 영향을 미치는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 한국보건사회연구원과 국민건강보험 공단이 2008년부터 공동으로 수행한 한국의료패널 자료 중 2009년 조사대상자 21,182명으로 의료보호 대상자와 본인 스스로 의료이용 결정이 어려운 20세 미만자를 제외한 건강보험가입자는 15,100명 이였다. 이중에서 보장형과 혼합형 및 무응답을 제외한 실손형 민간의료보험 가입자 1,404명 중 조사시점에서 민간의료보험료 불입기간이 1년 이상인 자 1,193명과 민간의료보험 미가입자 2,328명으로 총 3,521명을 대상으로 하였다. 일반적 특성이 실손형 민간의료보험 가입여부에 미치는 영향 분석에서 남자, 저연령, 배우자와 만성질환이 있는 경우, 고소득층에서 많이 가입하였으며 1분위에 비해 5분위 소득계층의 경우 실손형 민간의료보험 가입확률이 약 9배 높게 분석되어 저소득층의 경우 민간의료보험 가입에 있어 어려움을 겪고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다 (P<0.005). 일반적 특성에 따른 실손형 민간의료보험 가입 및 미가입자의 외래이용횟수를 살펴본 결과, 실손형 민간의료보험 가입여부에 상관없이 여자, 고 연령, 저학력, 저소득, 만성질환이 있을 때 외래 의료이용을 많이 하는 것으로 분석되어 사회적 취약계층에서 의료수요가 많은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 일반적 특성에 따른 실손형 민간의료보험 가입 및 미가입자의 입원횟수와 입원일수을 분석한 결과, 실손형 민간의료보험 가입여부에 상관없이 만성질환이 있는 경우 입원 의료이용을 많이 하는 것으로 분석되었다(p<0.05) 연령 층화를 통한 만성질환 유무에 따른 실손형 민간의료보험 가입여부별 외래 의료이용 차이를 분석한 결과, 남녀 모두 55세미만 만성질환이 없는 경우 외래이용 횟수, 외래 본인부담금, 외래 방문당 진료비에서 실손형 민간의료보험 가입자가 외래 의료이용을 많이 하는 것으로 분석되었다(p<0.05). 만성질환유무에 따른 실손형 민간의료보험 가입여부별 입원이용 차이를 분석한 결과, 남자 55세 미만 만성질환이 없는 경우, 가입자가 입원을 많이 하였으며(p<0.05), 여자 55세 미만 만성질환이 없는 경우 입원횟수, 입원일수, 입원 본인부담금, 입원당 진료비에서 가입자가 미가입자보다 더 많이 의료이용을 하는 것으로 분석되었다(p<0.05). 실손형 민간의료보험과 관련한 의료이용의 경우 내생성 문제를 통제하지 않았을 때에는 만성질환이 있는 경우, 실손형 민간의료보험 가입자가 의료이용을 많이 한 것으로 분석되었지만, 연령별 층화에서 만성질환이 없는 경우가 의료이용을 증가시키는 것으로 분석되어 민간의료보험사의 가입자 선별행위로 인한 역선택보다 순선택의 영향이 더 큰 것으로 이해되어진다.
Abstract This study tried to analyze complementary private medical insurance subscription according to general characteristics, hospitalization of the non-subscribers, and use of outpatient medical services and the effect of these factors on them through ages according to gender and stratification of chronic diseases. The investigation subjects of 2009 were 21,182 persons in the data of Korea Health Panel which have jointly been carried out by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and National Health Insurance Corporation since 2008. And there were the 15,100 national health insurance subscribers except the persons eligible for medical care and the persons who have difficulties in decide medical services by themselves and are not less than 20 years old. It was intended for the total 3,521 persons including the 1,193 persons whose payment period of private medical insurance premiums are more than one year at the investigation point of them in the 1,404 complementary private medical insurance subscribers except the guarantee types, the mixed types, and nonresponse and the 2,328 non-subscribers of private medical insurance. The analysis of the effect of the general characteristics on complementary private medical insurance subscription could be found that the subscription rate of the high-income group which is male and younger and has spouses and chronic diseases is very high and the low-income group have difficulties in it as the subscription rate of the 1st quintile income group is analyzed to be about 9 times higher than that of the 5th quintile income group(P<0.005). The result which examined the number that the complementary private medical insurance subscribers and the non-subscribers used the outpatient medical services according to the general characteristics has found that the medical services of the vulnerable social group are in great demand as persons who are female, older, low-educated, low-income and have chronic diseases use the outpatient medical services very much regardless of complementary private medical insurance subscription (p<0.05). The analysis which analyzed the number that the complementary private medical insurance subscribers and the non-subscribers wer hospitalized and the days of hospital treatment has found that the persons with chronic diseases use the medical services by hospitalization very much regardless of complementary private medical insurance subscription(p<0.05). The result which analyzed the differences in use of the outpatient medical services by complementary private medical insurance subscription according to chronic diseases through age stratification has found that the complementary private medical insurance subscribers use the outpatient medical services very much in the number of use of the outpatient medical services, cost-sharing of the outpatient medical services, and outpatient medical costs per visit when men and women are less than 55 years old and don’t have chronic diseases (p<0.05). The result which analyzed the differences in use of hospitalization by complementary private medical insurance subscription according to chronic diseases has found that the subscribers are very much hospitalized when men are less than 55 years old and don’t have chronic diseases (p<0.05) and the subscribers use the medical services more than the non-subscribers in the number of hospitalization, the days of hospital, cost-sharing of hospitalization, and the medical costs per hospitalization when women are less than 55 years old and don’t have chronic diseases (p<0.05). If the endogeneity problems were not controlled in medical use related to complementary private medical insurance, the complementary private medical insurance subscribers were analyzed to use the medical services when they have chronic diseases. However, as the case without chronic diseases in stratification by age increase the medical services, it is understood that the effect of selection due to acts that private medical insurance companies select subscribers is higher than that of adverse selection.