In this study, indoor pollutant removal performance of biofilters with four foliage plants (Ficus elastica, Chrysalidorcarpus lutescens, Spathiphyllum spp., Anthurium schott) was evaluated using environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) as pollutant. The removal performance of particulate matters (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) and gaseous pollutant matters (TVOCs, CO2, CO) were compared to evaluate the effect of control, substrate, and species and density of plants. There was no difference found in PM10 removal performance of the control, substrate, and plant species. For PM1 and PM2.5, however, plants always showed the best removal performance regardless of the plant species followed by substrate and the control. The rank order of TVOCs removal performance was plants, substrate and the control at the time of initial ETS injection. After an hour, however, the rank order was changed to substrate, plants and the control. It implied that the removal performance of plant was degraded as time flowed. CO2 was found to decrease in biofilter with plants due to photosynthesis, while it was found to increase in substrate due to respiration of microorganism. There was no difference in CO2 observed in the control. The performance of PM1 removal per leaf area was greatest in the order of Chrysalidorcarpus lutescens, Ficus elastica, Anthurium schott and Spathiphyllum spp., while the plant species were not found to affect the PM2.5 and PM10 removal efficiency very much. The performance of CO removal was greatest in the order of substrate, plants and the control, but the removal was less than five percents over six hours in all cases. Ficus elastica showed the greatest performance of TVOCs removal per leaf area. Biofilter that was planted with a single plant was found to have a better performance in particular matter removal than that planted with three plants. Excessive plant density was found to have a negative impact on the removal performance. Chrysalidorcarpus lutescens showed the best performance among the four foliage plants. The results revealed that substrate and planted biofilter were more effective than the control in prevention of particular matter diffusion and removal of gaseous matters. It is expected to utilize planted biofilter for air pollutant removal in indoor and underground spaces when sufficient ventilation is difficult to be achieved.