본 연구는 글로벌 산업구조 하에서 안전보건경영시스템의 중요성이 점차 강조되고 있는 기업 현실에서 전문건설업체의 안전보건경영시스템(KOSHA 18001) 개선방안 제시를 목표로 하였다.
이를 위해 먼저 안전보건경영시스템에 대한 국내·외 문헌 검토와 건설업 안전보건경영시스템(KOSHA 18001)인증 받은 71개 사업장 중 50개 사업장의 본사 안전보건담당자의 경우 50개, 현장 소장의 경우 100개에 대한 설문조사를 통하여 안전보건경영시스템 인증 및 도입회사의 일반적 특성, 도입배경 및 목적, 적용실태, 성과 및 향후 개선방안에 대한 조사를 실시하여 통계분석을 하였으며 종합건설업체 건설업 KOSHA 18001 협의회 회원사를 대상으로 2011년∼2012년 안전보건경영시스템 심사 결과 중 총 60개 부적합사항을 취합하여 전문건설업체 관련사항을 조사 분석하였다.
연구결과 첫째, “안전보건경영시스템 도입 및 적용실태”관련 해서는 물적, 인적자원의 부족이 전문건설업체 안전보건경영시스템을 도입하는데 가장 어려움이 크고 성공적인 안전보건경영시스템을 운영하기 위해서는 전 조직원들의 실천, 실행과 참여가 절대 필요하다. 또한 전문건설업체 29개 업종 중 설비, 전기, 토목, 건축 4개 업종에 86% 편중되어 있어 다양한 업종들이 인증 취득 할 수 있도록 하는 개선방안이 필요하고 공사의 안전보건 확보를 위해 인증 취득 후 지속적인 실행이 이루어고 인증 유지가 될 수 있도록 하는 조치가 필요하다.
둘째, “안전보건경영시스템 교육, 훈련”관련해서는 조직과 체계에서 열악한 전문건설업체에서는 인증 취득 후 지속적인 실행 및 개선이 이루어지기 위해서는 계층별, 기능별 안전보건경영시스템에 대한 교육, 훈련 할 수 있도록 하는 개선방안과 “중간관리자의 참여 의식”과 “근로자의 시스템에 대한 이해”를 높일 수 있는 개선방안이 필요하다. 또한 위험성 평가와 같은 안전보건경영시스템에서 가장 중요하고 전문적인 지식이 필요한 부문에서는 안전관리자에 의존하는 안전교육이 아니라 관리감독자가 공종 특성에 따라 실질적으로 실행 가능한 안전교육 및 안전보건경영시스템 교육을 제공할 필요가 있고 안전보건 업무를 수행하는 모든 조직 구성원들이 안전보건경영시스템에 대한 전반적인 이해와 책임과 역할을 알고 실행 및 개선 할 수 있도록 안전보건경영시스템에 대해 주기적이고 지속적인 교육, 훈련을 실시해야 한다.
셋째, “종합건설회사(원도급사)에서의 인센티브”관련 해서는 종합건설업체에서 전문건설업체 지원 프로그램에 기존 정보제공과 점검지원 뿐만 아니라 적극적인 안전보건 운영상태 평가 및 평가 결과를 연계할 수 있도록 하는 개선방안이 필요하고 종합건설업체에서 전문건설업체 인증사업장에 대해 인센티브 제공할 수 있도록 하는 개선방안이 필요하다. 또한 안전관리 우수 협력업체에 대한 인센티브와 평가시 안전보건경영시스템 운영에 중요한 관리감독자들이 실질적인 참가가 필요하며 협력업체 본사분야 평가, 구매와 계약관련 협력업체 안전관리체제를 구축해야 한다.
마지막으로 “안전보건관련 서류 간소화”와 “안전보건경영시스템 법제화”를 하여야 한다. 또한 외부지원이 가장 필요한 것은 본사와 현장 두 그룹 다 “위험성 평가”이며 그 다음으로 본사는 시스템의 효과를 정기적으로 측정하는 것인 “성과측정 및 모니터링”과 현장은 시공과 연계하여 안전보건활동을 실행하는 것인 “운영관리”로 나타났다.
이와 같은 연구 분석의 결과는 조직과 체계 등에서 열악한 전문건설업체의 안전보건 수준 향상을 도모하기 위한 전문건설업체의 안전보건경영시스템 개선에 기여 할 수 있을 것이다.

This study is aimed at grasping the actual condition of application of safety and health management system (KOSHA 18001) at specialty construction and suggesting its improvement plans in the reality where safety and health management system of enterprises is more and more emphasized due to the globalized industrial structure.
In order to carry out the study, the concept of safety and health management system was defined through an investigation of preceding studies, in which a review on domestic and foreign literature about safety and health management system and collection of various research paper regarding the standards of safety and health management system from advanced companies have been carried out.
And the international trend and difference related to the safety and health management system was analyzed through investigations of relevant books and present situation of safety and health management system certification at relevant institutions. And a questionnaire survey of fifty staff members in charge of safety and health management and hundred construction managers from fifty construction sites among seventy-one construction sites was carried out, of which the safety and health management system of construction industry (KOSHA 18001) had been certified, so that the certification process of safety and health management system, general matters of the companies, the background and purpose of introduction of the system, and the achievement and future improvement plans could be investigated, and a statistical analysis was carried out as well. In addition, a total of 60 nonconformities were collected to be analyzed from the member companies among the KOSHA 18001 Conference of General Construction according to the audit results of safety and health management system during the period between 2011 and 2012.
The study results are as follows. Firstly, as for the "Introduction and application of safety and health management system", the specialty construction had the biggest difficulty in introduction of the system due to the lack of resources, and it was absolutely required to encourage all the members to execute and participate in the program in order to operate the safety and health management system successfully. And 86% of the 29 specialty construction leaned too much towards the four categories of business such as facilities, electricity, civil engineering and construction, so that it was required to prepare improvement plans and measures that might help the construction acquire licenses in various categories of business, carry out such works and keep the license continuously in order to secure the safety and health during constructions.
Secondly, as for the "Education and training regarding the safety and health management system", the specialty construction with inadequate organization and system needed to prepare an improvement plan to carry out education and training of hierarchical and functional safety and health management system, encourage the participation of mid-class managers, and raise the "workers'' understanding of system", so that the continuous implementation and improvement of the system could be carried out even after getting the license.
And in the parts such as Risk Assessment, for which the most important and specialized knowledge is needed, we have to provide safety training and education of safety and health management system, which is not a training or education that relies on a safety manager but a training or education that can be substantially implemented by a management supervisor according to the characteristics of construction types. In addition, periodic and continuous training and education of safety and health management system shall be carried out, so that all the members of organization, who are performing the tasks, may have understanding of overall safety and health management system, know the duties and roles, and execute and improve the system.
Thirdly, as for the "Incentives from the general construction (original contractor)", it is required to prepare an improvement plan aimed at connecting the positive evaluation of operating state of safety and health programs and the result of such evaluations, as well as the providing existing information and inspection supports, to the supportive programs for specialty construction. And also, it is required to prepare an improvement plan in which general construction provide certified construction sites of specialty construction with incentives such as grant of eligibility to register as a cooperative firm, designation as an excellent subcontractor, grant of additional points when evaluating or bidding. In addition, important management supervisors shall participate in the operation of safety and health management system when providing incentives to subcontractors with excellent safety management and evaluating such subcontractors, building up a safety management system of a subcontractor regarding evaluation of subcontractor, including purchase and contract.
Finally, it is required to "simplify documents related to safety and health" and "legislate for safety and health management system". It was found out that an external support is most needed for "Risk Assessment" at both the headquarter and work sites. And then, "Performance measurement and monitoring", which was aimed at regular measurement of the system, took the second place at the headquarter, while "Operational control", which was aimed at implementation of safety and health management through connecting with construction, took the second place at the work sites.
This study is a professional organization and system specialty construction such poor as to enhance the level of safety and health for specialty construction in improving the safety and health management system will be able to contribute.