The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of family-friendly policies and work-family culture on parenting stress and parenting efficacy. In order to achieve this purpose, the survey was taken into 202 working fathers and 201 working mothers who have less than 36-month-old children from Daegu and Kyungpook. Data were gathered using questionnaires on Family-Friendly Policies, Work-Family Culture, Parenting Stress, and Perceived Parenting Competence. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson''s correlation coefficient, Factor Analysis, Cronbach''s α, Analysis of Variance, Multivariate analysis of Variance, and Multiple Regression.

The major findings were as follows:

First, working fathers'' parenting stress was a significant difference in implementation of Financial Aassistance among family-friendly policies. As the number of implementation of financial assistance is more, working fathers'' general parenting stress has been increased. But working mothers'' parenting stress wasn''t a significant difference in implementation and use of family-friendly policies.
Second, working fathers'' parenting efficacy was a significant difference in implementation of Leaves among family-friendly policies. As the number of implementation of Leaves is more, working fathers'' parenting efficacy has been increased. But working mothers'' parenting efficacy wasn''t a significant difference in implementation and use of family-friendly policies.
Third, work-family culture didn''t have an effect on working fathers'' parenting stress. But work-family culture had an effect on working mother'' parenting stress. That is, working mothers'' managerial support is higher, general parenting stress has been decreased, and demand for working hours and putting priority on work is lower, burden of parenting role has been decreased.
Finally, work-family had an effect on working fathers'' and mothers'' parenting efficacy. In other words, career consequences is lower, parenting efficacy has been increased.
The conclusions and implications of these findings are discussed.