목차

Recently, Korea has been experiencing an increase in social cost caused by trauma, death or disorder due to increase in low-birth rates, aging population and educational cost. According to analysis on causes of death performed by Statistics Korea in 2010, ‘trauma’ ranked 4th with 17,801 in term of death toll. It is estimated that the output loss per death (caused by trauma) would reach KRW 350 million. The preventable death rates among patients with trauma were 35.2%, about 10-15% higher than the U.S. and Japan.
Therefore, Korean government amended laws for improvement of emergency medical service institutes in 2000 and the expansion of emergency medical service funds and improvement of emergency medical services in 2002 and has made investments in treatment on serious trauma. In addition, emergency medical service centers have been classified by specialty for a proper treatment of patients with serious illness. However, emergency medical service for patients with trauma has been rarely given because it requires a huge amount of medical expenses.
In particular, when asked where a problem occurs in treating an emergency patient with trauma, ‘emergency room (58.8%)’ was most responded. Regarding a death-related problem, 64.3% took place in an emergency room. In other words, it is urgent to improve environment in an emergency room. In terms of a type of the problem, ‘treatment’ accounted for 69% while ‘death’ was as high as 71.4%, which means that it is also necessary to improve facilities as well as medical staff and equipment in an emergency room as soon as possible.
In addition, a serious trauma treatment center has been operated with a goal of having at least one trauma medical service center in each community by providing a financial aid for night-duty services by a medical doctor. Unfortunately, there has been no practical response to patients with trauma.
Meanwhile, as emergency medical service fund is further expanded due to amendment of the law on emergency medical services in 2008, Korean government has prepared to intervene in a comprehensive manner to strengthen a trauma treatment system. As a result, it announced a master plan to establish a serious trauma treatment center in 16 areas across the nation. Therefore, this study has attempted to investigate the current status of the serious trauma treatment centers and suggest the goal and improvement plan of future serious trauma treatment centers.
As of 2011, Korea operates 23 emergency cerebrovascular service centers, 23 emergency heart disease centers and 35 serious trauma treatment centers across the country. 12 emergency medical service centers have been chosen among the serious trauma treatment centers. Then, top six (6) centers chosen at Emergency Medical Institute Assessment 2011 by Ministry of Health and Welfare have been selected, and floor layout and spatial allocation by usage have been reviewed and analyzed.
This paper consists of as follows:
In chapter 1, the necessities of a trauma treatment center are examined through statistical data and case studies, and the background and objectives of the study and research method are stated.
In chapter 2, emergency medical service system and trauma treatment system are conceptualized, and the characteristics of mortality by trauma in Korea are analyzed.
In chapter 3, the spatial configuration and legal standards of a serious trauma treatment center are investigated based on previous studies in Ministry of Health and Welfare and National Emergency Medical Center.
In chapter 4, the spatial configuration method, circulation structure and spatial allocation of target centers are analyzed. After visiting the target centers, drawings are revised and analyzed.
In chapter 5, a future direction for a serious trauma treatment center is suggested based on the said analysis. Then, a conclusion is made after summarizing the contents above.
Consequently, this study has investigated the spatial components, circulation layout and spatial allocation of a serious trauma treatment. For construction planning in consideration of the fundamental objectives and goal of emergency medical services, it is essential to allot spaces and select exact spatial components. It appears that it is necessary to design spaces for emergency medical services and come up with construction planning through appropriate spatial allocation.