To build a community efficiently, it is necessary to have active involvements of stakeholders. But public involvement in community building has both bright and dark sides; the one is to encourage and propagate community building movement through its public authority and power, the other is to weaken the movement due to its one way promotion without considering private sectors'' involvement. Citizen participation as one of private involvement is not just a tool or method but a core value and objective of community building. It is recommended for researchers to propose appropriate directions and contents of citizen participation with which community building may be flourished. Most researches related to community building have not dealt with the development and application of residents'' participation model to community building. Thus this study has intended to develop and apply a community building model based on citizen participation.
To reach this goal, this study employed a survey method with 30 community building activists, and focus group interviews with community leaders to build database related to opinions toward citizen participation to community building, and collected data related to factors and indicators of citizen participation.
As a result, this study has found the following results. First, this study has looked for 88 potential variables through literature review. Second, this study has drawn 16 factors and 72 indicators through factor analysis based on the data from survey. Third, based on the results from the statistical analysis, this study has built a citizen participation model, composed of four core categories: 1) formation of community recognition and networks, 2) projects finding and systematic preparation, 3) execution of planned activities, 4) products and motivation. The model includes feedback process while 16 inner and outer factors work together organically with intermediate support organizations and governmental organizations. What the residents'' activities earned from this process feeds back into the improvement of the degree of trust/participation/volunteerism, the mutual trust building between public and private entities, and the enforcement of governance.
The application of the model has led the following facts. First, citizen participation accomplished by the various inner and outer factors of a community has reinforced the community and provided new motivation. Second, citizen participation in the process of community building has improved community trust, the degree of citizen paticipation, and volunteerism. Third, in the case of securing governmental system to support community building, mutual trust between community, intermediate support organization, and government has been built. Also during the process, it has been found that the governance has been reinforced, and the citizen participation has been upgraded to upper level.