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학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
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연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
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I. INTRODUCTION 11.1. History of Zeolites 11.2. Uses of Zeolites 31.2.1. Zeolites as Ion Exchangers 31.2.2. Zeolites as Adsorbents 51.2.3. Zeolites as Catalysts 51.2.4. Zeolites as Dehydrating Agents 91.3. Synthesis of Zeolites 91.4. Structures of Zeolite Y (FAU) 111.5. Crystallographic Study of Zeolites X and Y (FAU) 181.6. Background and Objectives 221.6.1. Cu2+-exchanged Zeolite Y 231.6.2. Ni2+-exchanged Zeolite Y 261.6.3. Co2+-exchanged Zeolite Y 301.6.4. Cd2+-exchanged Zeolite Y 321.6.5. Zn2+-exchanged Zeolite Y 341.6.6. Objectives 35II. EXPERIMENTS 382.1. Synthesis of Large Single Crystals of Zeolite Y (Si/Al = 1.56 and 1.70) 382.2. Preparation of Cu2+-exchanged Zeolite Y 402.3. Preparation of Ni2+-exchanged Zeolite Y 432.4. Preparation of Co2+-exchanged Zeolite Y 432.5. Preparation of Cd2+-exchanged Zeolite Y 442.6. Preparation of Mn2+-exchanged Zeolite Y 452.7. Preparation of Zn2+-exchanged Zeolite Y 462.8. X-ray Diffraction 472.9. SEM-EDX Analysis 472.9.1. Mn2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 10 and 11) 472.9.2. Zn2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 12 and 13) 54III. STRUCTURE DETERMINATIONS 583.1. Reduction of Raw Data 583.2. Structure Determination and Refinements 603.3. Cu2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 1 and 2) 623.3.1. Consideration Unique to O(2) 633.3.2. Consideration Unique to O(4) 703.3.3. Consideration Unique to O(3) 703.3.4. Remaining Considerations 703.4. Ni2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 3 and 4) 723.5. Co2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 5 and 6) 723.6. Cd2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 7, 8, and 9) 793.7. Mn2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 10 and 11) 883.8. Zn2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 12 and 13) 88IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE STRUCTURES 984.1. Structures of Cu2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 1 and 2) 984.1.1. Crystal 1,Cu32.6Na5.3H4.5[Si117Al75O384]-FAU 984.1.2. Crystal 2,Cu33.0Na3.9H5.1[Si117Al75O384]-FAU 1044.2. Structures of Ni2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 3 and 4) 1054.2.1. Crystal 3,Ni29.7(Ni4AlO4)1.1H12.3[Si117Al75O384]-FAU 1054.2.2. Crystal 4,Ni14.1(NiOH2)16.4(Ni4AlO4)1.1(H3O)9.6[Si117Al75O384]-FAU 1084.3. Structures of Co2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 5 and 6) 1144.3.1. Crystal 5,Co31Na8H5[Si117Al75O384]-FAU (approximate formula) 1144.3.2. Crystal 6,Co30.5Na6(H3O)4(H2O)4H4[Si117Al75O384]-FAU (approximate formula) 1174.4. Structures of Cd2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 7 to 9) 1214.4.1. Crystal 7,Cd8.5(CdOH)12(CdOH2)23[Si117Al75O384]-FAU 1214.4.2. Crystal 8,Cd31.5(Cd8O4)1.5[Si117Al75O384]-FAU 1354.4.3. Crystal 9,Cd27.5(Cd8O4)2.5[Si117Al75O384]-FAU 1384.5. Structures of Mn2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 10 and 11) 1384.6. Structures of Zn2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 12 and 13) 139V. DISCUSSION 1515.1. Cu2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 1 and 2) 1515.1.1. Pervasive Structural Disorder 1515.1.2. Cu2+ Positions 1535.1.3. Na+ Positions 1555.1.4. H+ Content and H3O+ Exchange 1555.1.5. Comparisons with DFT Calculations 1565.2. Ni2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 3 and 4) 1585.2.1. Ni2+ Positions in Crystal 3 1585.2.2. Ni2+ Positions in Crystal 4 1605.2.3. Nonframework Oxygen Atoms in Crystal 4 1615.2.4. Dealumination 1625.2.5. H+ Content and H3O+ Exchange 1625.2.6. Framework Geometry 1635.2.7. Effect of the pH of the Ni2+-exchange Solution 1635.3. Co2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 5 and 6) 1645.3.1. Dependence of Product on the pH of the Co2+-exchange Solution 1645.3.2. Co2+ Positions 1645.3.3. Na+ Positions 1665.3.4. H3O+ 1675.3.5. Framework Geometry 1675.4. Cd2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 7 to 9) 1675.5. Mn2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 10 and 11) 1725.6. Zn2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (crystals 12 and 13) 173VI. CONCLUSION 178REFERENCES 182APPENDICES 196A. Single-crystal Structures of Fully and Partially Dehydrated Zeolite Y (FAU, Si/Al = 1.56) Largely Co2+ Exchanged at pH 5.1 196B. Three Single-crystal Structures of Cd2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (FAU). Cd(OH)2 Imbibition Increases with Increasing Ion Exchange Temperature 236C. Location of Na+ Ions in Fully Dehydrated Na+-saturated Zeolite Y (FAU, Si/Al = 1.56) 247D. Single-crystal Structures of Fully and Partially Dehydrated Zeolite Y (FAU, Si/Al = 1.56) Ni2+ Exchanged at a Low pH, 4.9 252E. Crystallographic Verification that Copper(II) Coordinates to Four of the Oxygen Atoms of Zeolite 6-Rings. Two Single-crystal Structures of Fully Dehydrated, Largely Cu2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (FAU, Si/Al = 1.56) 265F. Single-crystal Structure of Cd2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (FAU, Si/Al = 1.56),Cd27.5(Cd8O4)2.5[Si117Al75O384]-FAU 278G. Preparation and Single-crystal Structure of Mesitylene Sorption Complex of Fully Dehydrated Fully Mn2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (FAU) 283H. Benzene Sorption Complex of Fully Dehydrated Fully Mn2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (FAU) and Its Single-crystal Structure 291I. Synthesis and Single-crystal Structures of Fully Dehydrated Fully Sr2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (FAU) and Its Benzene Sorption Complex,Sr37.5[Si117Al75O384]-FAU andSr37.5(C6H6)33(H2O)15[Si117Al75O384]-FAU 302J. Crystallinity of Large Single Crystals of FAU-type Zeolites with a Wide Range of Si/Al Ratios 315K. Synthesis and Structural Refinement of Fully Dehydrated Fully Zn2+-exchanged Zeolite Y (FAU),Zn35.5[Si121Al71O384]-FAU 329L. Synthesis of Single Crystalline Analcime and Its Single-crystal Structure,Na0.94(H2O)[Si2.06Al0.94O6]-ANA: Determination of Cations Sites, Water Positions, and Si/Al Ratios 340M. Investigation of Distributions of Mn2+ Ions in Fully Dehydrated and Fully Mn2+-exchanged Zeolites Y,Mn37.5[Si117Al75O384]-FAU 346N. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Dehydrated, Deaminated, and Dealuminated Zeolite Y (FAU): Single-crystal Structure ofNa33H26(Al5O4)[Si126Al66O384]-FAU 351O. Single-crystal Structures of Highly NH4+-exchanged, Fully Deaminated, and Fully Tl+-exchanged Zeolite Y (FAU, Si/Al = 1.56), All Fully Dehydrated 361P. Synthesis and Single-crystal Structures of Fully Dehydrated and Highly Proton-exchanged Zeolites Y,H74Na1[Si117Al75O384]-FAU andH73Na2[Si117Al75O384]-FAU 372Q. Synthesis and Single-crystal Structure of Fully Dehydrated Fully Ca2+-excahnged Zeolite Y (FAU),Ca35.5[Si121Al71O384]-FAU 377R. Synthesis of Fully Dehydrated Partially Cs+-exchanged Zeolite Y (FAU, Si/Al = 1.56),Cs45Na30[Si117Al75O384]-FAU and Its Single-crystal Structure 386S. Single-crystal Structure of Fully Dehydrated and Largely NH4+-exchanged Zeolite Y (FAU, Si/Al = 1.70),(NH4)60Na11[Si121Al71O384]-FAU 395SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES I ~ XIII 403ABSTRACT 467
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