Purpose: This study examines how virtual and in-person clinical practicums during COVID-19 have affected nursing students' professional competence and confidence, aiming to establish effective clinical practicum strategies for the post-COVID-19 era. Methods: We conducted this qualitative study with 16 nursing students from a university in a metropolitan city in South Korea. We collected data through focus group interviews and analyzed them using content analysis. Results: The analysis revealed three main categories, six theme clusters, and 24 themes. The three categories are challenges due to limited clinical practice experience and encounters with physical and psychological barriers, adaptation to the evolving practicum environment, and growth in preparation for future nursing roles. Conclusion: The findings provide valuable insights into the needs and challenges of nursing students, highlighting the importance of developing a flexible, structured clinical practicum program that accommodates social distancing measures and remains functional in pandemic-like situations.