이 글은 전북의 사회운동을 주체와 사건의 특성에 의거 구성하고, 의례와 기념시설을 통해 집합 기억의 양상을 고찰한다. 전북의 사회운동은 1980년대를 대표하는 ‘항쟁’이며, 개헌의 중요한 요인이었던 5‧18과 6‧10이다. 전북은 두 항쟁이 모두 발생한 지역이지만, 조명이 미흡했다. 주체와 사건의 특성으로 보면, 전북의 두 항쟁은 대비된다. 5‧18은 학생이 주도했는데, 조직화와 체계화가 제대로 형성되지 않은 상태였고, 주요 장소는 교정이었다. 5‧18의 특성은 2명의 대학생 사망, 신흥고 학생 시위, 다수의 피해자 발생으로 정리된다. 반면, 전북의 6‧10은 잘 조직된 사회단체, 종교단체, 대학생단체 등이 연대하여 전개했다. 5‧18과 같은 피해는 발생하지 않았고, 6‧10의 장소성은 거리와 광장에 있었다.
이러한 특성은 집합 기억의 양상에 반영되었다. 5‧18 의례는 1980년대 중반부터 추모와 계승을 의제로 촉발되었다. 5‧18 의례는 당면한 사회운동과 중첩되면서 환기되었고, 제도화 이후에도 시민사회의 기억공동체가 작동했다. 5‧18 기념시설의 핵심 자원은 설립 시기, 대상, 주제로 볼 때, 수십 년간 희생자에 초점을 맞추다가 2010년에 들어 여러 사건으로 확장되었다. 6‧10 의례는 정치 집회로 몇 차례 개최되다가 문민정부 이후는 소규모 기념행사가 되었고, 2000년대에는 10년 주기 행사가 되었다. 6‧10 기억공동체의 존재감은 희미한데, 이는 6‧10 기념시설이 건립되지 않은 유일한 지역이 전북이라는 사실과 상관적이다. 전북에서 6‧10은 지역사회운동의 자산으로서 위상이 높지 않은 것이다.
This study aims to construct the characteristics of social movements in the Jeonbuk region in the 1980s based on the subjects and events, and to examine the aspects of collective memory focusing on rituals and commemorative facilities. The social movements of this study were, May 18 Democratization Movement (5·18) and People’s Uprising of June 10th (6·10), which appeared as ‘resistance’ beyond temporary collective action and resulted in constitutional amendment. The Jeonbuk region is where both uprisings took place, but the spotlight on them was insufficient. The two uprisings in Jeonbuk have notable differences in the characteristics of the subjects and events. The subjects of 5·18 were college and high school students, and it unfolded in a state where a resistance community was not well formed. The uprising was expressed through street protests, but the main location was the campus. It was characterized by 2 college student victims, Shinheung high school student protest, and the occurrence of multiple victims. Systematic and well-organized social groups, religious groups, and college student groups played a leading role in 6·10, and there were no victims like those in 5․18. The sense of place of 6·10 was placed on the streets and squares of the city center.
These characteristics of the two uprisings were reflected in the aspects of collective memory. The 5·18 rituals began in the mid-1980s with the agenda of remembrance and succession, and were evoked as their trajectories overlapped with social movements, and a memory community was well formed. The core resources of the ritual were focused on victims for decades, and expanded to important events in the 2010s. This worked in close connection with the establishment period, object, and theme of the memorial facilities. The 6·10 rituals were held several times in the nature of a political rally. After the civilian government, it became a small-scale commemorative event. And in the 2000s, it ended up being every 10-year event. The solidarity of the memory community was weak, it is not unrelated to the fact that the Jeonbuk region is the only region where commemorative facilities related to the 6·10 have not been built. In the Jeonbuk region, 6·10 does not have a high status as a local asset of social movements.