Comparative whole genome analysis of face-derived Streptococcus infantis CX-4 unravels the functions related to skin barrier

Lee Haeun; Lee Dong-Geol; Jo HyungWoo; Heo Young Mok; Baek Chaeyun; Kim Hye-Been; Park Geunhwa; Kang Seunghyun; Lee Wooseok; Mun Seyoung; Han Kyudong

doi:10.1007/s13258-024-01495-w

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저자정보: Lee Haeun (COSMAX BTI) Lee Dong-Geol (COSMAX BTI, R&I Center, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea) Jo HyungWoo (COSMAX BTI, R&I Center, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea) Heo Young Mok (COSMAX BTI) Baek Chaeyun (COSMAX BTI) Kim Hye-Been (COSMAX BTI, R&I Center, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea) Park Geunhwa (COSMAX BTI) Kang Seunghyun (COSMAX BTI, R&I Center, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea) Lee Wooseok (Dankook University) Mun Seyoung (Dankook University) Han Kyudong (Dankook University)

저널정보: 한국유전학회 Genes & Genomics Genes and Genomics Vol.46 No.4

발행연도: 2024.4

수록면: 499 - 510 (12page)

DOI: 10.1007/s13258-024-01495-w

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Background The skin microbiome is essential in guarding against harmful pathogens and responding to environmental changes by generating substances useful in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Among these microorganisms, Streptococcus is a bacterial species identified in various isolation sources. In 2021, a strain of Streptococcus infantis, CX-4, was identified from facial skin and found to be linked to skin structure and elasticity. As the skin-derived strain differs from other S. infantis strains, which are usually of oral origin, it emphasizes the significance of bacterial variation by the environment. Objective This study aims to explore the unique characteristics of the CX-4 compared to seven oral-derived Streptococcus strains based on the Whole-Genome Sequencing data, focusing on its potential role in skin health and its possible application in cosmetic strategies. Methods The genome of the CX-4 strain was constructed using PacBio Sequencing, with the assembly performed using the SMRT protocol. Comparative whole-genome analysis was then performed with seven closely related strains, utilizing web-based tools like PATRIC, OrthoVenn3, and EggNOG-mapper, for various analyses, including protein association analysis using STRING. Results Our analysis unveiled a substantial number of Clusters of Orthologous Groups in diverse functional categories in CX-4, among which sphingosine kinase (SphK) emerged as a unique product, exclusively present in the CX-4 strain. SphK is a critical enzyme in the sphingolipid metabolic pathway, generating sphingosine-1-phosphate. The study also brought potential associations with isoprene formation and retinoic acid synthesis, the latter being a metabolite of vitamin A, renowned for its crucial function in promoting skin cell growth, differentiation, and maintaining of skin barrier integrity. These findings collectively suggest the potential of the CX-4 strain in enhancing of skin barrier functionality. Conclusion Our research underscores the potential of the skin-derived S. infantis CX-4 strain by revealing unique bacterial compounds and their potential roles on human skin.

Background The skin microbiome is essential in guarding against harmful pathogens and responding to environmental changes by generating substances useful in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Among these microorganisms, Streptococcus is a bacterial species identified in various isolation sources. In 2021, a strain of Streptococcus infantis, CX-4, was identified from facial skin and found to be linked to skin structure and elasticity. As the skin-derived strain differs from other S. infantis strains, which are usually of oral origin, it emphasizes the significance of bacterial variation by the environment. Objective This study aims to explore the unique characteristics of the CX-4 compared to seven oral-derived Streptococcus strains based on the Whole-Genome Sequencing data, focusing on its potential role in skin health and its possible application in cosmetic strategies. Methods The genome of the CX-4 strain was constructed using PacBio Sequencing, with the assembly performed using the SMRT protocol. Comparative whole-genome analysis was then performed with seven closely related strains, utilizing web-based tools like PATRIC, OrthoVenn3, and EggNOG-mapper, for various analyses, including protein association analysis using STRING. Results Our analysis unveiled a substantial number of Clusters of Orthologous Groups in diverse functional categories in CX-4, among which sphingosine kinase (SphK) emerged as a unique product, exclusively present in the CX-4 strain. SphK is a critical enzyme in the sphingolipid metabolic pathway, generating sphingosine-1-phosphate. The study also brought potential associations with isoprene formation and retinoic acid synthesis, the latter being a metabolite of vitamin A, renowned for its crucial function in promoting skin cell growth, differentiation, and maintaining of skin barrier integrity. These findings collectively suggest the potential of the CX-4 strain in enhancing of skin barrier functionality. Conclusion Our research underscores the potential of the skin-derived S. infantis CX-4 strain by revealing unique bacterial compounds and their potential roles on human skin.

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