Acquisition and Attrition of Conditional Expressions in Imperial Japanese Used in Documents of Diary From Japanese Generation Employed Post-Elementary Education During the Colonial Period

Hwang, Young-Hee

doi:10.14817/jlak.2024.81.249

Acquisition and Attrition of Conditional Expressions in Imperial Japanese Used in Documents of Diary From Japanese Generation Employed Post-Elementary Education During the Colonial Period

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일제강점기 초등교육 이후 취업한 일본어 세대의 일기자료에 사용된 제국일본어 조건표현의 습득과 마멸

Type: Academic journal

Author: Hwang, Young-Hee (한양사이버대학교)

Journal: The Japanese Language Association Of Korea The Japanese Language Association Of Korea No.81 KCI Accredited Journals

Published: 2024.9

Pages: 249 - 268 (20page)

DOI: 10.14817/jlak.2024.81.249

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Acquisition and Attrition of Conditional Expressions in Imperial Japanese Used in Documents of Diary From Japanese Generation Employed Post-Elementary Education During the Colonial Period

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This paper examines the characteristics of the conditional expressions ‘TO, TARA, BA, NARA’ used during language acquisition. It draws on examples from Imperial Japanese texts found in diary materials recorded by individuals of the Japanese generation who were employed after completing primary school in the unique language environment of the Japanese colonial period. These examples are compared with discourse materials collected over 70 years later from the same generation, who had since lost contact with the Japanese language. This comparison considers the longitudinal mechanisms involved in the acquisition and attrition of Japanese conditional expressions. The analysis, focusing on learner strategies and linguistic and extralinguistic factors, yields the following findings:
(a) During the acquisition period, the Japanese generation"s conditional expressions were mostly used correctly and appropriately in the diary materials. However, after contact with the Japanese language was interrupted, these expressions gradually regressed during the attrition process.
(b) Comparison of the diary materials from the acquisition period with discourse materials from the attrition period shows that the initially broad use of conditional forms increasingly converged towards the TARA form.
(c) The use of ‘TO, BA, NARA’ decreased or disappeared entirely, making it difficult to maintain the essential usages of these conditional expressions learned during the acquisition period.
(d) In the attrition period, discourse materials reveal frequent errors, including speaker perspective errors, confusion over sentence-final modality and tense, verb conjugation errors, the acquisition and maintenance of dialectal forms due to differences in Japanese input environments, and substitutions with other linguistic forms.

本稿は日本植民地時代という特殊な言語環境で初等教育修了後、就職の経験を持つ日本語世代によって記録された日記資料に見られる帝国日本語のテキストを例示しながら、言語習得期に使われていた条件表現｢ト・タラ・バ・ナラ」の特徴について記述した。そして、それと同じ属性を持つ日本語世代が日本語との接触が途切れてから70年余りが過ぎた時点で採集した談話資料と対照しながら、日本語条件表現の形式と用法の習得と摩滅にかかわる縦断的メカニズムについて考察した。そこに見られる学習者の戦略と言語的要因を中心に分析した結果をまとめると次のようになる。
(a)日本語世代の条件表現は、習得期の日記資料では意味 · 機能別にほとんどが適切に誤りなく使用されていることから、日本語接触の中断以降、摩滅過程で徐々に退行してきた。
(b)日本語世代の習得期の日記資料と退行期の談話資料を比較すると、習得期の整えていた使用分布が退行期を通して条件形式タラに収束する傾向が強くなってきた。
(c)習得期と退行期の日本語世代が使用した条件表現の使用数と正確性の側面から見ると、「ト · バ · ナラ」の使用は少なくなったりまたは完全になくなったりして、習得期に覚えられた本質的な用法の条件表現が維持されにくいことが分かる。
(d)習得期の日記資料に比べて退行期の談話資料では、「話者の視点による誤り、文末モダリティやテンスの混同、動詞とその活用の誤り、日本語入力環境の違いによる方言形の習得・維持、他の言語形式への置き換え」を確認することができる。

#Conditional expressions #Colonial period #Japanese generation #Diary #条件表現 #日本植民地時代 #日本語世代 #日記資料

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