Effect of Silicon Dioxide and Magnesium Oxide on the Printability, Degradability, Mechanical Strength and Bioactivity of 3D Printed Poly (Lactic Acid)-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds

Harb Samarah V.; Kolanthai Elayaraja; Backes Eduardo H.; Beatrice Cesar A. G.; Pinto Leonardo A.; Nunes Ana Carolina C.; Selistre-de-Araújo Heloisa S.; Costa Lidiane C.; Seal Sudipta; Pessan Luiz Antonio

doi:10.1007/s13770-023-00584-3

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저자정보: Harb Samarah V. (Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)) Kolanthai Elayaraja (Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida) Backes Eduardo H. (Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)) Beatrice Cesar A. G. (Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)) Pinto Leonardo A. (Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)) Nunes Ana Carolina C. (Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)) Selistre-de-Araújo Heloisa S. (Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)) Costa Lidiane C. (Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)) Seal Sudipta (Biionix Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida) Pessan Luiz Antonio (Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar))

저널정보: 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 조직공학과 재생의학 조직공학과 재생의학 제21권 제2호

발행연도: 2024.2

수록면: 223 - 242 (20page)

DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00584-3

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Background: Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polyester that has been exploited for a variety of biomedical applications, including tissue engineering. The incorporation of β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) into PLA has imparted bioactivity to the polymeric matrix. Methods: We have modified a 90%PLA-10%TCP composite with SiO2 and MgO (1, 5 and 10 wt%), separately, to further enhance the material bioactivity. Filaments were prepared by extrusion, and scaffolds were fabricated using 3D printing technology associated with fused filament fabrication. Results: The PLA-TCP-SiO2 composites presented similar structural, thermal, and rheological properties to control PLA and PLA-TCP. In contrast, the PLA-TCP-MgO composites displayed absence of crystallinity, lower polymeric molecular weight, accelerated degradation ratio, and decreased viscosity within the 3D printing shear rate range. SiO2 and MgO particles were homogeneously dispersed within the PLA and their incorporation increased the roughness and protein adsorption of the scaffold, compared to a PLA-TCP scaffold. This favorable surface modification promoted cell proliferation, suggesting that SiO2 and MgO may have potential for enhancing the bio-integration of scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. However, high loads of MgO accelerated the polymeric degradation, leading to an acid environment that imparted the composite biocompatibility. The presence of SiO2 stimulated mesenchymal stem cells differentiation towards osteoblast; enhancing extracellular matrix mineralization, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone-related genes expression. Conclusion: The PLA-10%TCP-10%SiO2 composite presented the most promising results, especially for bone tissue regeneration, due to its intense osteogenic behavior. PLA-10%TCP-10%SiO2 could be used as an alternative implant for bone tissue engineering application.

Background: Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polyester that has been exploited for a variety of biomedical applications, including tissue engineering. The incorporation of β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) into PLA has imparted bioactivity to the polymeric matrix. Methods: We have modified a 90%PLA-10%TCP composite with SiO2 and MgO (1, 5 and 10 wt%), separately, to further enhance the material bioactivity. Filaments were prepared by extrusion, and scaffolds were fabricated using 3D printing technology associated with fused filament fabrication. Results: The PLA-TCP-SiO2 composites presented similar structural, thermal, and rheological properties to control PLA and PLA-TCP. In contrast, the PLA-TCP-MgO composites displayed absence of crystallinity, lower polymeric molecular weight, accelerated degradation ratio, and decreased viscosity within the 3D printing shear rate range. SiO2 and MgO particles were homogeneously dispersed within the PLA and their incorporation increased the roughness and protein adsorption of the scaffold, compared to a PLA-TCP scaffold. This favorable surface modification promoted cell proliferation, suggesting that SiO2 and MgO may have potential for enhancing the bio-integration of scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. However, high loads of MgO accelerated the polymeric degradation, leading to an acid environment that imparted the composite biocompatibility. The presence of SiO2 stimulated mesenchymal stem cells differentiation towards osteoblast; enhancing extracellular matrix mineralization, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone-related genes expression. Conclusion: The PLA-10%TCP-10%SiO2 composite presented the most promising results, especially for bone tissue regeneration, due to its intense osteogenic behavior. PLA-10%TCP-10%SiO2 could be used as an alternative implant for bone tissue engineering application.

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