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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
Meng Jianyun (Department of Mechanical Engineering , Myongji University) Arega Nebiyu Getachew (명지대학교) PULLAGURA BHARGAV KR (명지대학교) Kim Dohyun (Department of Mechanical Engineering , Myongji University)
저널정보
한국바이오칩학회 BioChip Journal BioChip Journal Vol.18 No.1
발행연도
2024.3
수록면
115 - 136 (22page)
DOI
10.1007/s13206-023-00135-x

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We present a numerical simulation method for designing a buffer system in microchip electrophoresis (MCE) equipped with capacitively-coupled-contactless-conductivity detection (C4D). One of the key design considerations for MCE-C4D is background electrolyte (BGE). This is because a C4D typically exhibits low sensitivity, and optimizing BGE conditions (e.g., base and acid species, pH, and ionic strength) can improve its sensitivity. However, BGE has been traditionally designed through experience or trial and error, which is time- and reagent-consuming. In this study, we employ Simul 5, an open- source electrophoresis simulation software, for rational BGE design. Four BGEs including trimethylamine (TEA)/acetic acid (AcOH, pH 10.6), MES/His (pH 6.1), MES/TRIS (pH 8.1), and TRIS/HCl (pH 7.4), previously used in electrophoresis-C4D of amino acids and protein, were selected for evaluation of our numerical method. Glutamic acid (Glu) was selected as a model analyte for initial simulation verifi cation. Our numerical simulation revealed that the best achievable detection sensi- tivity was 1.046 × 10 –5 S/(m μM) in the TRIS/HCl buffer because anionic Glu species with a low mobility (27 × 10 –9 m 2/Vs) replaced Cl − co-ion of a high mobility (79.1 × 10 –9 m 2/Vs) in the analyte zone, leading to a signifi cant negative conductivity peak. TEA/AcOH, MES/His, and MES/TRIS buffers exhibited progressively lower sensitivity. After the initial evaluation, trypsin inhibitor (TI), a more complex proteinous analyte was tested in the MES/His and MES/TRIS BGEs. The best detec- tion sensitivity was 1.032 × 10 –4 S/(m μM) in the MES/TRIS buffer because counter-ionic species TRIS + of a high mobility (29.5 × 10 –9 m 2/Vs) was replaced by the ionic TI, characterized by a large charge (− 11.5) and a low mobility (8.08 × 10 –9  m2/ Vs), resulting in a strong negative peak. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of compositional changes in each ionic species of the analyte zone on conductivity-peak height, we propose a BGE design guideline for enhanced sensitivity. Subsequent MCE-C4D confirmation experiments demonstrated excellent qualitative agreement with the simulation results for the Glu and TI analytes. We anticipate that our numerical analysis method will find wide application in designing BGEs for portable MCE-C4D systems by enhancing sensitivity.

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