This study numerically analyzed the impact of the presence and quantity of thermoelectric modules on the temperature control and cooling efficiency of deformable mirror. Numerical analyses were conducted using various quantities of thermoelectric modules, and the results were used to evaluate the effect of the number of thermoelectric modules on the overall system efficiency. Notably, when 15 thermoelectric modules were used, the initial rate of temperature increase was relatively low, and the operational efficiency was relatively high. These findings are correlated with the efficient control of thermoelectric modules and can serve as an important indicator for determining their optimal quantity. Through this study, it has been highlighted that further in-depth research is needed on both the quantity and control algorithms of thermoelectric modules, thereby contributing to the future development of more efficient thermal management strategies.