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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
Alfred J. ANDREA (University of Vermont)
저널정보
계명대학교 실크로드연구원 Acta Via Serica Acta Via Serica Vol.8 No.1
발행연도
2023.6
수록면
101 - 120 (20page)

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In March 1245, Pope Innocent IV authorized three missions to the Mongols, seeking information about this menace from the East and summoning Eastern Christian support against an anticipated Mongol onslaught. Only one of the missions, led by John of Plano Carpini, reached Mongolia-the first-known Western European party to reach East Asia by a land route. Traveling along the Silk Road’s new “Grasslands Route,” John and his companion Benedict reached the camp of Güyüg Khan, where they witnessed his installation as the Great Khan. Upon their return to the papal court in 1247, they delivered Güyüg’s letter demanding the submission of the pope and all the West’s princes. John also presented a detailed report on what he and Benedict had learned. A close reading of it reveals a master intelligence operative at work. In addition to presenting an overview of Mongol history and culture, Friar John’s report provides detailed information on the Mongols’ grand strategy, their military organization and armaments, and their battle tactics. Turning from intelligence gathering to military operations, he offered practical advice on how to meet and defeat the coming Mongol onslaught, an attack that, providentially for the West, never came. What did occur was a modest but significant migration of Western missionaries and merchants to East Asia in the century following this pioneering journey.

목차

An Eyewitness to Thirteenth-Century Silk Road Realities
The Mongol Menace
Pope Innocent IV, the “Tartars,” and the First Council of Lyons (1245)
Sending Out Missions to the Mongols
Friars John of Plano Carpini and Benedict the Pole
Records of a Mission Completed
The Silk Road’s Grasslands Route
On the Road from Lyons to Ukraine
On to the Ordu of Batu Khan
On to the Great Khan’s Sira Ordu
In Residence at Güyüg’s Encampment
Going Home
An Intelligence Report and Operational Plan
Getting the Word Out
The Pax Mongolica
Bibliography

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