시간, 공간, 인물 요인은 소설의 주제와 의미를 논의함에 있어 중요한 참조점이다. 공간은 세계 이해의 중심에 놓여 있기에 학습독자의 성장을 도모하는 소설교육에서 주목할 필요가 있다. 그러나 기존 소설교육은 시간과 인물을 중심으로 이루어져 왔다. 이에 따라 본 연구의 목적은 공간을 중심으로도 소설교육이 가능하다는 이론적 근거를 마련하고, 그 필요성을 강조하는 데에 있다.
이를 위해, 구조주의 서사학에서 이루어진 소설 공간에 대한 논의를 공간 중심 소설교육의 방법을 구안하기 위한 출발점으로 삼았다. 구조주의 서사학에서주목할 만한 연구자는 S. 리몬-케넌이다. 리몬-케넌이 소설 공간에 대한 논의를심도 있게 제시한 바는 없지만, 리몬-케넌이 제시한 ‘인물’의 특성과 의미를 재구성한 결과인 ‘스토리 층위-인물’은 소설 공간 논의의 참조점으로 삼을 수 있다.
텍스트의 내적 담화를 근간으로 독자가 스토리를 재구성한다는 견해는 텍스트를 기반으로 ‘스토리 층위-공간’의 특성과 의미를 도출하는 근거를 마련해주기 때문이다.
Time, space, and character factors are important reference points in discussing the subject and meaning of the novel. However, existing novel education has been centered on time and characters.
To this end, the discussion of the novel space in structural narratology was used as the starting point for devising the method of space-based novel education. An important reference point to structural narratology is S. Rimmon-Kenan’s theory. There is no in-depth discussion of the novel space by Rimmon-Kenan. However, the reconstruction of the characteristics and meaning of the ‘character’ suggested by Rimmon-Kenan. In other words, ‘story-character’ is an important reference point in discussing the novel space. This is because the view that the reader reconstructs the story based on the internal discourse of the text provides a basis for deriving the characteristics and meaning of the ‘story-space’ based on the text.
However, structuralist narrative has neglected social and cultural contexts and ideological contexts, so accepting the perspective of post-structural narratology can provide a basis for expanding and deepening the discussion of novel space. The post-structural narratology perspective will refer to O’Neill’s theory. This provides evidence that textual discourse is constructed not only through internal discourse but also through external discourse.
Accepting O’Neill’s view can lay the foundation for accepting spatial discourse such as geography and anthropology in discussions on novel space. By revealing that the novel space is not a simple background or physical element. But a phenomenological, social, cultural, and ideological element, the horizon of space-based novel education can be expanded.
Rimmon-Kenan discussed the internal structure of the text, but looking at the characteristics of the character reconstructed by Rimmon-Kenan shows that the reader Rimmon-Kenan’s schema is involved. At this time, the schema has a strong characteristic of external text discourse. In addition, the process of deriving the characteristics and meanings of character or space at the story level is not much different from the process of deriving a ‘macro-structure’ in text linguistics, and macro-structure entails the reader’s background knowledge.
In general, macro-structure derivation begins with micro-structure analysis. However, since micro-structure analysis has strong form and syntactic aspects, it is questionable whether fiction discourse is appropriate for analysis. Therefore, i will use Jean-michel Adam’s presented ‘sequence’ as an alternative to the text structure analysis unit. ‘sequence’ presented by the Adam is based on text types and rhetorical traditions that are subdivided into ‘narrative’, ‘argumentation’, ‘explication’, ‘description’ and ‘dialogue’. However, this is consistent with the text segment units of rhetorical tradition, ‘narrative’, ‘argumentation’, ‘description’ In particular, according to Seymour Chatman’s discussion, these traditional segment units have logic, so there is room for them to be viewed as ‘sequences’.
Therefore, in this paper, the text segment units are set to ‘narrative’, ‘argumentation’, ‘explication’, ‘description’ and ‘dialogue’, and based on this, the characteristics and meaning of the space will be derived in a macro-structure. And used as a basis for deriving novel education methods.