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In the Korean language, tense and aspect are grammatical categories that cannot be expressed with clear morphemes. As stated in Understanding Arabic (Il Joo Kong, 2010), Arabic verbs have a mixture of perfect, imperfect, present, past and future tenses. In grammar texts and academic papers written by Korean authors, there is no explanation regarding whether the Arabic verbs have aspect or tense and no explanation regarding the difference between aspect and tense in the Qur"an compared to modern Arabic.
This study found that in the Middle Ages, Arabic scholars argued that Arabic is a language of tense whereas most Orientalists argued that Arabic is a language of aspect. More recently, modern day scholar Abdul Qahir Alfasi stated that Arabic is at times a language of tense and at times a language of aspect.
Classical Arabic can be described as having more characteristics of aspect rather than tense, and some linguists and teachers believe that it is more practical to think of modern standard Arabic in terms of tense. The perfect “al-māḍī” expresses completed actions and the imperfect “al-muḍāri‘” denotes incomplete actions. In Arabic, aspectual distinctions seem to be more prominent than tense distinctions. Many modern Arabic grammarians tend to use the notion of tense to denote temporal notions especially in language teaching.
As for morphologic tense, the tense of single verbs was examined. Morphologic tense lacks the meaning of aspect(jihah). However, in syntactic tense, aspect plays a bigger role, and therefore aspect is considered to be a variable that distinguishes between morphologic tense and syntactic tense.
Presently Arab scholars divide their methodology of studying tense into two categories, one of which is studying the morphology and meaning of tense in sentence structure by considering the linguistic context. In other words, a sentence containing tense is divided into simple tense and syntactic tense, which is related to the sentence structure or context or particles.
The following points are notable in the study of tense by modern grammarians.
1) Tense belonging to verbs is not fixed and invariable. Rather, verbs can change into other tenses.
2) Tense has two layers: a morphologic layer studying the morphology and a syntactic layer studying the sentence structure. Arabic tense draws from not only the morphologic verb but also the context, sentence structure and particles.
3) Middle Age Arab scholars and modern day Arab scholars argued that pure Masdar does not hold the meaning of tense and that in terms of syntax, pure Masdar demonstrates three tenses (past, present, future). In the context of the Qur"anic text, pure Masdar holds the meaning of seven types of tenses.
This study found that in the Middle Ages, Arabic scholars argued that Arabic is a language of tense whereas most Orientalists argued that Arabic is a language of aspect. More recently, modern day scholar Abdul Qahir Alfasi stated that Arabic is at times a language of tense and at times a language of aspect.
Classical Arabic can be described as having more characteristics of aspect rather than tense, and some linguists and teachers believe that it is more practical to think of modern standard Arabic in terms of tense. The perfect “al-māḍī” expresses completed actions and the imperfect “al-muḍāri‘” denotes incomplete actions. In Arabic, aspectual distinctions seem to be more prominent than tense distinctions. Many modern Arabic grammarians tend to use the notion of tense to denote temporal notions especially in language teaching.
As for morphologic tense, the tense of single verbs was examined. Morphologic tense lacks the meaning of aspect(jihah). However, in syntactic tense, aspect plays a bigger role, and therefore aspect is considered to be a variable that distinguishes between morphologic tense and syntactic tense.
Presently Arab scholars divide their methodology of studying tense into two categories, one of which is studying the morphology and meaning of tense in sentence structure by considering the linguistic context. In other words, a sentence containing tense is divided into simple tense and syntactic tense, which is related to the sentence structure or context or particles.
The following points are notable in the study of tense by modern grammarians.
1) Tense belonging to verbs is not fixed and invariable. Rather, verbs can change into other tenses.
2) Tense has two layers: a morphologic layer studying the morphology and a syntactic layer studying the sentence structure. Arabic tense draws from not only the morphologic verb but also the context, sentence structure and particles.
3) Middle Age Arab scholars and modern day Arab scholars argued that pure Masdar does not hold the meaning of tense and that in terms of syntax, pure Masdar demonstrates three tenses (past, present, future). In the context of the Qur"anic text, pure Masdar holds the meaning of seven types of tenses.
목차
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 한국어와 아랍어의 시제와 상
Ⅲ. 아랍어 문법학자의 형태적 시제와 통사적 시제
Ⅳ. 현대 아랍학자들의 시제 연구에서 두 가지 성향
Ⅴ. 아랍어 문법과 꾸란에서 마쓰다르의 시제
Ⅵ. 결론
참고문헌
ABSTRACT
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