최근 ADHD 아동․청소년에 대한 학교기반 중재의 중요성이 강조되고 있지만 각종 연구문헌에서 제시하는 다양한 긍정적 행동지원(PBS) 전략들이 어떠한 공통요인에 의해 묶일 수 있는지 탐색하거나, 이러한 전략들을 현장의 교사들은 어떻게 지각하고 활용하고 있는지를 알아본 실증연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 이에 본 연구는 학교기반 ADHD 중재에 관한 연구문헌을 검토하여 PBS를 위해 권장되는 총48가지 전략을 수집한 후 선행사건중재(A), 대체기술교수(B), 반응중재(C)의 세 범주에 따라 분류, 설문지를 구성한 뒤 이러한 전략들의 효과성, 수용도, 활용도를 부산, 경남, 충남 지역 소재 9개 초등학교 일반교사 177명에게 평가하게 하였다. 각 PBS 전략별 효과성 평정치를 기초로 탐색적 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 선행사건중재(A) 전략으로 7개 요인, 대체기술교수(B) 전략으로 2개 요인, 반응중재(C) 전략으로 1개의 요인이 각각 도출되었다. 초등교사들이 가장 효과적인 것으로 지각하는 전략요인은 ‘학습준비성/흥미유지’, ‘학부모협조’였으며, 가장 효과적이지 않은 것으로 지각한 전략요인은 ‘방해행동제지준비’로 나타났다. 수용도의 경우, ‘학습준비/흥미유지’ 요인이 가장 높았고, ‘자기-조직화지도’, ‘시선/목소리조정’, ‘과제조정’ 요인이 가장 낮았다. 활용도의 경우, ‘학습준비/흥미유지’ 전략요인이 가장 높았으나, ‘자기-조직화지도’, ‘과제조정’ 전략요인의 활용도가 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 10가지 전략요인들에 걸쳐 수용도에 비해 활용도가 유의하게 낮았으며, 특히 ‘학부모협조’는 가장 큰 차이를 보였다. 또한 일부 전략요인의 경우 교직경력이나 담임학년에 따라 효과성 지각, 수용도 혹은 활용도에서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의, 시사점, 한계점을 제시하였다.
The importance of positive behavior support(PBS) has been increasingly emphasized in recent research literature on school-based interventions for ADHD. However, there have been very few empirical studies on how a variety of PBS strategies for ADHD could be conceptualized in terms of their underlying structures and how they are perceived and utilized by elementary school teachers. This study investigated elementary teachers' perceived effectiveness, acceptability, and reported use of 48 PBS strategies for children at risk of ADHD or with ADHD. Based on a literature review on effective school-based interventions for ADHD, a questionnaire of 48 PBS strategies in one of the three categories of Antecedent(A), Behaviors(B) and Consequences(C) were developed and administered to 177 elementary school teachers in three geographical areas in Korea. Participants evaluated the effectiveness, acceptability, and reported use of each of 48 PBS strategies on a 4-point Likert type scale. As a result of exploratory factor analyses of all PBS strategies based on their effectiveness ratings, 7 factors for A, 2 factors for B, and 1 factor for C were derived. Most effective PBS strategy “factors” as perceived by elementary teachers were “maintaining interest/readiness for learning” and “requesting parent assistance”; the least effective strategy factor was “getting ready for blocking disruptive behaviors”. The most acceptable strategy factor was “maintaining interest/readiness for learning”and the least acceptable ones included “teaching self-organization” “adjusting gaze/voice” and “modifying assignments” The most frequently used PBS strategy factor was also “maintaining interest/readiness for learning” while the least used techniques were “teaching self-organization” and “modifying assignments” Across all PBS strategy factors, the ratings of actual reported use were significantly lower than their acceptability, and “requesting parent assistance”was found to have the largest difference between its reported use and its acceptability. There were significant differences in reported effectiveness, acceptability, or reported use of several PBS strategy factors by the number of years of teaching experience and lower- vs. upper-grade teachers. Based on these findings, implications for research and practice in PBS and school-based ADHD interventions were fully discussed.