In Korea, the medical professionalism is underdeveloped because of strong state since one hundred years ago. If the government actively handles policies and deals with the professional associations under state corporatism, deterioration of professionalism is unavoidable. The current health care insurance in Korea is unified as monopsony. However, it is not the ‘bipartite corporatism’ between the government and the medical profession such as the National Health Service in Britain. All insurance matters related to physicians' practice including standards of treatment and physician’s reimbursement, are given to the government. Therefore the authority of the medical knowledge is subordinate to the authority of the office and physicians are made to follow the goals and the policies that are set by the government. Physicians' professional ethics is the core of their occupational control. Declaration of “Codes of Ethics” by the Korean Medical Association, before it was revised in April 2006, defined sincere fulfillment of practice of medicine as a full duty of the physician’s life. If this declaration was to be interpreted literally, one can ask each physician in Korea to pursue an identical of life with the same goal. If this was not the case, then the physicians may develop their own view according to their individual perspectives on life. The former case is unethical and in the latter, occupational control would be impossible. Ideal of medical service is of course, an institutional attribute of an occupation and not a duty of an indivi-dual life. Therefore, it is possible for physicians to have their occupational control that requires specific standards to the member of its association and embodies their professional virtue. Fur-thermore, currently legal “prohibition of the physicians' right of refusal to provide medical service” prevents development of physicians' autonomy and occupational control and at the same time distorts the view on the area of their autonomous control.