The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the socialists in the early Soviet Union recognized the northern natives of Siberia who were the most primitive population group in revolutionary Russia, and to consider how they intended to integrate the natives into the new socialist system. There have been two controversial evaluations on the nature of the policies toward the northern natives of the early Soviet Union. At first, some researchers touted the policies as paternal and protectionist ones that helped relieve the natives from the crisis of extinction and contributed to lifting their social, economic and cultural levels to the stage of civilization. But the other researchers criticized that the authorities of the Soviet Union were only intent on taking the northern natives into the economic and administrative system of the soviet state, and such policies brought just pain and ordeal to the natives. This thesis seeks to make it clear that the dichotomy between protection and violence that had been assumed by previous researchers is not reasonable, by examining how ethnographers belonging to 'the Committee of the North'―a agency within the central government in charge of dealing with the northern natives of Siberia―recognized the natives, also by considering their policy goals and the implementation processes of the policies. The Committee of the North was established by some ethnographers, and was under the leadership of them. They had been condemned to exile to siberia because of taking part in the revolution movement under the old system, and had specialized in natives' society, economy, culture and history in their places of exile. The ethnographers, at first, organized urgent food supply and medical services for the northern natives, offered them various legal and institutional privileges. But the ethnographers considered that the way to truly help the natives was pulling them into and up a more developed stage of civilization rather than leaving them as they are, because the root causes of the natives' suffering lie in the economical and cultural backwardness of them. The natives, however, never showed a favorable response to the policies carried out by the Committee of the North, as they deemed that such policies were unnecessary for themselves or were to destroy their traditional culture and way of life. But the ethnographers considered the natives' resistance to be one of numerous obstacles they should overcome to achieve great goals, and determined that stronger measures such as the use of direct violence should be introduced 'to help' the natives. It was because they believed that any human being can make progress, must make progress, and they only knew the only way to achieving the progress. Hence for them, protection and violence were combined together as their ultimate goal and its inevitable means.